Does Free Public Health Care Increase Utilization and Reduce Spending? Heterogeneity and Long-Term Effects

Relocation increased the overall use of medical care, but it also led to the transfer of medical care at private medical institutions.

Although the proportion of individuals who took medical expenses declined, total average expenditures remained unchanged

In 2006, Zambia stopped using the public support government and the Faith Health Organization in 54 of the 72 districts. In 2007, Zambia expanded to rural areas in areas that had not been affected so far. Through the five phases of gradual implementation of removal policy and representative household survey data nationwide, we were able to study the impact of removal policy on usage and household expenditure. We have found that this policy improves the full-scale use of short-term medical services and continues to play a long-term role. If the head of household has a high unemployment rate, or who is not educated, or who has not received education, the rate of increase will be high. This policy also led to a small shift in medical services from private medical institutions to public support organizations. It is mainly promoted by individuals who are officially employed by family leaders or engaged in agricultural production. Although it decreases slightly in the long term, the possibility of expenditure decreases. At the same time, conditional medical expenditure is subject to upward pressure. In other words, it is to increase expenditure after people who paid the fee cancel the fee. Therefore, there is no major impact on (unconditional) household health expenditure overall

On the government side, expenditure on public health puts economic burden on citizens, and raises taxes and increases funds for long-term borrowings. Increasing taxes reduces the income that companies and households bring to other activities (Paul, 2003). Furthermore, the increase in government borrowings to cover medical expenses will have a similar effect on the availability of resources for other activities. As government loans lead to higher interest rates, the cost of capital companies and households is also rising and will invest in some of the activities already in place. (Paul, 2003)

Abstract: Long-term medicine has far less policy concerns than medical treatment in the United States, but long-term care is important for Americans of all ages and affects the expenditure of public projects. Disputes between the state and the federal government on current issues in long-term care systems, including those that are not satisfied and the devastating burden of the affected population, and who is responsible for fulfilling these problems. As the population ages, the pressure on improving the system has increased, and the key policy issues raised are the balance between institutional care and non-institutional care, assurance of quality care, the acute phase and Long-term care integration, and affordable funding mechanism.

As the population ages, spending on healthcare and long-term care also increases. According to the aging report of 2015, the ratio of healthcare expenditure to long-term care expenditure to GDP between 2013 and 60 years is expected to increase by an average of 0.7 and 1.3 percentage points respectively (see Figure 6). In fact, Europe is primarily offered by the public sector, whereas elderly people are more likely to use medical services. However, the aging of the population is just one of the factors driving up medical expenses, not necessarily the most important 103 At the same time, as this medical treatment is being provided by experts, long-term medical expenses are expected to increase It will be. Participation in women's labor market has increased