Do Animals Have Thought?

After grasping the muffin on the floor of my kitchen, my dog ​​looked at my eyes, I saw her head carefully leaning on the ground, and her jaws smelled a small smell It was. Before I had the opportunity to stop her, I smiled down my fingering finger to grab the muffin from the ground in vain and invade the backyard. This is a clever fraud and this day-to-day interaction is like causing a big problem I want to solve.

In most of the 20th century biology was closer to Descartes than Darwin. Students of animal behavior do not rule out the possibility of animals thinking, but I think that this problem is almost irrelevant as it can not answer. You can investigate the input (such as food and environment) and output (behavior) of the living thing. But the organism itself is still a black box: unobservable things like emotions and thinking are beyond the scope of objective research. As written in 'Activists' written in 1992, efforts are made to avoid being consciously attributable to animals in any serious attempt to understand their behavior Should ... .... "

The phrase "animal wisdom" should be taken to mean whether it makes sense to call an animal "smart", or whether an animal's behavior should be regarded as a series of unthinkable mechanical reactions to stimuli arising from within the animal I will introduce some debate. In the external environment, only humans can flexibly think and respond. This argument is now basically out of date. On the one hand, it has been replaced by a more empirical discussion of the success of research programs on animal cognition (assuming animals have cognitive processes similar to humans). On the other hand, it was eliminated by one of the more modern methods of human intelligence. Still, this problem will never completely disappear. The reason why it lasts is philosophy and morality, and (perhaps more) science. If so, what makes a pure white food unethical?