DNA barcoding of two species of Coffea (Rubiaceae)

Research background System and taxonomy involves identifying and resolving relations between species. However, as today's species become increasingly complex in taxonomy, integrating molecular technology as an alternative for species identification helps the system get a new prospect in evolutionary research. Taxonomy is always at the forefront of life research and will always be present (Wheeler 2004). With the development of molecular biology and genetics, DNA is now used as a way to identify species.

| Coffea canephora | Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee) | Coffea canephora | Coffea canephora | Robusta coffee Coffea robusta) is a coffee born in the Sahara desert in central and western Africa. It was raised mainly in Africa and Brazil and is often called Canyon. It also grew up in Southeast Asia where French settlers introduced it in the late nineteenth century. In recent years, Vietnam, which produces only Robusta, became the world's largest exporter beyond Brazil, India and Indonesia.

There are about 25 major coffee varieties in the world, but only three of them are cultivated for commercial use. The main ones are Coffea Arabica, Coffea canephora, Liberica (Coffea arnoldiana De Wild). However, due to grafting among coffee cultivars there are already varieties of coffee varieties (also known as breeds) already derived from Arabic coffee or Robusta coffee. Arabian coffee (about 60 to 70% of the coffee market). Coffea Arabica is from the mountains of Yemen and Ethiopia and is planted in farms all over the world. This makes mechanical harvesting difficult. Because they usually grow at high altitude of steep slopes. Therefore, farmers often have to do manual picking. However, because beans are too low or too ripe to eliminate it more effectively, higher quality assurance can be obtained by manually picking these beans. This will produce higher quality coffee beans for baking