Discussion on Whether Premature Birth Affects Refractive Development

Before discussing whether premature birth affects refraction development it is important to understand what "preterm birth" actually means. Preterm birth and premature birth are two different but positively related concepts. Preterm birth means that the baby's pregnancy period is less than 37 weeks (Robinson et al., 2001; Goldenberg et al., 2008). Premature birth means that many of these organs are not yet completely developed, as normal embryonic development matures between 34 and 37 weeks of many organs

Retinopathy of prematurity (also known as ROP). ROP is an eye disease that affects many premature infants. If the baby's retina does not fully develop within a few weeks after birth, ROP will occur. The retina is the nerve tissue located behind the eye. ROP usually develops in both eyes. Immediate treatment is very important if your baby is suffering from ROP. If the doctor does not carefully check after the recommended examination after discharge, the disease will soon develop and can take away the sight of the baby. Some babies need drugs and laser surgery to prevent blindness

Preterm birth and fetal growth restriction may be caused by influencing the condition of the baby in the uterus, such as infections and birth defects. Congenital deficiency is a health condition that exists at birth. Congenital deficiencies can change the shape or function of one or more parts of the body. They can lead to overall health problems, how the body develops, or how the body functions. They may limit the development of the infant in the uterus, which may result in low birth weight. A baby with congenital disease is more likely to have premature birth than a baby without congenital disease.

In the United States, one in three or three children is born with a specific birth defect including birth defects. Many of these defects are severe or mild and affect the organ function, the appearance of the child or their mental / physical development. Premature birth or premature birth is considered to be the major cause of most respiratory diseases associated with pulmonary development. Usually, children with birth defects in the lungs are born before the lungs and other organs are fully developed.

Congenital deficiency may be mild or severe. They can affect appearance, organ function and physical and mental development. Most birth defects exist within the first 3 months of pregnancy where organs are still formed. Some birth defects are harmless. Others need long-term treatment. Severe congenital deficiency is the leading cause of death in infants in the United States, accounting for 20% of deaths. Mothers or fathers may cause genetic abnormalities in the baby. Genetic abnormalities occur when genes become defective due to mutation or mutation. In some cases, the gene or a part of the gene may be missing. These defects occur during conception and can often not be prevented. There may be certain defects in family history of one or both parents