Discovery of the Structure of DNA

Discovering the structure of DNA On the last day of February 1953, according to James Watson, Francis Crick announced to the client of Cambridge Eagle Tavern "We have discovered the secrets of life" (Watson 115, 1980 ). Brian Hayes, author of the book "Invention of Genetic Cryptography," said, "If there is a secret in life, DNA double helix must be that" (1). However, the work of these two individuals did not lead to the discovery of power in the double helix, but to the work of many scientists who were carefully chosen and connected by the two most authoritarian people connected. To work.

Discovery of the history of DNA structure is a typical example of elements of scientific method: It was known that heredity has a genetic description in 1950 Gregor Mendel's research showed that DNA is genetic information (Oswald The principle of conversion of Avery). However, the mechanism of storage of genetic information (ie, genes) in DNA is still unknown. Researchers at the Prague laboratory at the University of Cambridge have created X-ray diffraction images of various molecules, starting with salt crystals and entering more complex substances. Beginning with its chemical composition, it is decided that carefully assembled using clues for decades, the physical structure of the DNA should be characterized, and the X-ray image will be the carrier. .. 2. DNA hypothesis

This picture was taken in 1952, the first X-ray of DNA found by Watson and Click. It was created by Rosalind Franklin using a technique called X-ray crystallography, which reveals the helical form of the DNA molecule. Watson and Crick realized that DNA consists of two pairs of nucleotide pairs encoding the genetic information of all organisms. In 1953, they declared "to find the secrets of life" to Eagle Tavern 's customers in Cambridge, England, and that the two young scientists are unobtrusive. However, James Watson and Frances Creek 's claim is effective because it actually found the structure of the DNA encoding instructions for construction and replication of almost all organisms. An amazing discovery enabled the era of "new biology", which led to the biotechnology industry and recently destroyed human genetic blueprints.

Over the past 50 years, several important advances have changed life sciences, including discovery of DNA structure, decoding of genetic code, development of recombinant DNA technology, and mapping of the human genome. Synthetic biology is another revolutionary way to make life machines using commercial chemicals, using many of the same strategies that electric technicians use to make computer chips It is innovation. Using a powerful set of automated DNA molecular synthesis techniques and techniques to assemble them into genetic and microbial genomes, synthetic biology is aimed at enhancing efficiency and providing a functional "genetic loop" for practical purposes Build metabolic pathways