Disagreement, Question-Begging, and Epistemic Self-Criticism by David Christensen

In the face of the disagreement with colleagues, David Christensen calls his own dissertation "self-criticism of opinion divergence, appeal, understanding" as an independent settlement reaction. First, I will explain the principle of independence of Christensen concerning mediation. Then I will present how to avoid intuition outcomes in case of his argument, ultra reliable and basic cognitive resource differences. Christansen's principle of independence insists that it is impossible to avoid consequences contrary to intuition contradictions.

Martin Kusch discusses the philosophical meaning of certain forms of cognitive relativism. It is impossible to show that the cognitive system is superior to all other cognitive systems in a problem-free manner. Special attention is paid to "standard problem". Attempts to deal with specific standards as objective criteria encountered regression problems. Femke Truijens is working on the idea that differences in symptomatic levels before and after treatment bring about a procedural, objective quantification of the therapeutic effect. She uses psychotherapy as a case and thinks that this method is effective for a problematic number. Because it is difficult to measure the level of symptoms objectively.

What is the cognitive base for injecting "I" into 'I think' if Cogito does not assume a real self? When some critics mention "I", Descartes complains that he answers this question by prescribing the meaning established in "I am present." Among the critics, Bertrand Russell opposed the word "I am illegal". "In response to George Lichtenberg of the eighteenth century, Russell wrote that Descartes should be said." Russell added that the word "I" is grammatically useful, but not a description of the data. (1945, 567) Therefore, although there are various contents "I feel pain" and "I feel pain", Descartes has only the former