Diagnostic Criteria For Intellectual Disabilities: DSM-5 Criteria

Each of the two expert associations developed their own diagnostic diagnostic criteria (ID). Each has advantages.

The American Psychiatric Association (APA), "Handbook of Diagnosis and Statistical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders" (DSM - 5, APA 2013) was announced.

Diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability of American Association for Mentally Handicapped People (APA) (DSM - 5 standard)

Diagnostic criteria (ID, previous mental retardation) of psychiatric disorders of the Association of American Mentally Handicapped People (APA) are described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM - 5, APA 2013). The outline of the diagnostic criteria of DSM - 5 is as follows.

These mental abilities are measured by IQ test. A score of about 2 standard deviations below the mean represents a significant cognitive impairment. These scores account for about 5% of the population. Or, in other words, 97.5% of people of the same age and culture earn higher scores. The tests used to measure IQ are standardized and need to be culturally appropriate. This is usually an IQ score of 70 or less.

This includes the skills necessary to live in an independent, responsible way. These life skills are limited in their ability to reach age-appropriate behavioral standards. Without these skills, people need additional assistance to succeed in school, work, or independent living. Use standardized culturally appropriate tests to measure defects in adaptive function

Communication: This means the ability to convey information from one person to another. Communicate through words and actions. It involves understanding others' abilities and expressing themselves through words and actions.

Social skills: This refers to the ability to effectively interact with others. We generally consider social skills natural, but these skills are essential to the success of our lives. These skills include the ability to understand and comply with social rules, customs, and public behavior standards. This complex function requires the ability to process graphical languages ​​and detect implicit cues such as body language.

Independence of individuals in family or community: This means the ability to take care of yourself. Some examples are bathing, dressing up and eating. It also includes the ability to safely perform daily work without guidance. Some examples are cooking, cleaning and washing. The community also carries out daily activities. This includes buying groceries and access to public transport

School and workplace: refers to the ability to meet social standards of the workplace and school. It includes new knowledge, ability to learn skills and abilities. In addition, people have to apply this information in a practical and adaptive manner; without too much guidance or guidance

These limitations occur during development. This means that problems of intellectual or adaptive function are evident in childhood or adolescence. If these problems begin after this developmental period, the correct diagnosis is a neurocognitive impairment. For example, traumatic brain injury caused by a car accident may cause similar symptoms.

In DSM - 5, mental retardation and developmental disorders are classified as neurodevelopmental disorders. Psychiatric disorders (intellectual developmental disorder) replace the "delayed type" that was used as a diagnostic term of DSM - 5 in previous manuals. Mental retardation involves impairment of general mental capacity that affects adaptive function in three areas or multiple areas. The diagnostic criteria defined in DSM - 5 are as follows. • Test and observe inference, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning (learning ability at school by traditional educational method) and experience learning (experience, repeated) learning ability

As Tschudi explained in our interview, a mental disorder diagnosis and statistical guidance (DSM) - a book containing each of the recognized "diagnostic classification, diagnostic criteria and description text" - a small number of diagnoses for ADHD There are standards. Disorderly. And they are all for children. This means that the illness is often misdiagnosed by adults. "For adults, as many therapists do not actually understand this, I know it very well, and they will miss those words and phrases for me," She told me. "These symptoms usually begin to appear very quickly in some way, so anxiety begins to spread very quickly, it's just a way of life, then depression."