Developmental Origins of Resident Central Nervous System Microglia Part 1

Microglia is an innate immune cell derived from hematopoietic cells that constantly investigates the environment and regulates the development of the central nervous system (CNS). These cells have a dynamic cellular process that comes into contact with synapses from dying neurons and cell pieces of phagocytic cells. The origin of microglia is a controversial topic for decades. Recently, it was confirmed that microglia was derived from yolk sac (YS) of macrophages derived from YS during primitive hematopoiesis and then filled with embryonic brain (Ginhoux et al., 2010).

In addition to neurons and various types of glial cells, microglia are the major immune cells that are permanently present in the central nervous system (CNS). In the last decade research has made remarkable progress in understanding its role of responsibility and its function in healthy individuals. Recent studies also revealed several patterns of microglial activity in the presence of diseases affecting the CNS. Neurons are often the most automatic association when considering cells that fill the brain and the central nervous system (CNS). However, the majority of the human brain consists of other supporting cells called glial cells that are involved in various psychological functions. Microglia is a special type of specialized cell that occupies 5-12% of all glial cells in the CNS.

Microglia is an innate immune cell derived from hematopoietic cells that constantly investigates the environment and regulates the development of the central nervous system (CNS). These cells have a dynamic cellular process that comes into contact with synapses from dying neurons and cell pieces of phagocytic cells. The origin of microglia is a controversial topic for decades. Recently, it was confirmed that microglia was derived from yolk sac (YS) of macrophages derived from YS during primitive hematopoiesis and then filled with embryonic brain (Ginhoux et al., 2010).

The nervous system has two parts called the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Because they are in the body. The central nervous system (CNS) includes nerves in the brain and spinal cord. It is safely contained in the spinal skull and spinal canal. All other nerves in the body are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Wherever you are in the body, you can distinguish between spontaneous and non-autonomic nervous systems. The spontaneous nervous system (somatic nervous system) controls everything we can know and consciously influence, such as moving the arm, legs, other parts of the body.