Deterrence, Rational and Restorative Justice Theories

In this article I will detail the three theories of deterrence theory, rational choice theory, and restorative justice theory. It will provide a detailed overview of the policy, and a link between theory, research and policy. The deterrence theory can be summarized as "the certainty of punishment, rigor and speed, proportion, the principle of certain general deterrence" (Burke, 2009). For punishment to be effective, it must be deterministic, quick, and rigorous. Certainty is more important than reducing the severity of crime.

The deterrent theory points out that if punishment is positive, severe, and prompt, people will not commit a crime. The deterrence theory is the center of the criminal justice system and is the basis of the most severe penalties and long-term prison penalties. But is deterrence theory effective empirically? This is a difficult question to answer. The study found mixed support for deterrent theory. Reasonable choice and modifications such as normal theory of activity are also mixed

The morality of punishment depends on deterrence, revenge, desert, rehabilitation, disability, and the recent restorative judicial theory. These theories try to justify society to punish criminals and try to provide sufficient moral justification to cause harm. Deterrence claims that people are unable to accept crime due to the possibility of criminal outcomes. Utilitarian philosophers first offered the reason for this punishment. Many studies have considered the effectiveness of deterrence theory, but there is no clear conclusion as to whether deterrence is effective or not.

The deterrent theory best reflects the idea of ​​classical theory. The deterrent theorists believe that people are reasonable, pursue their own interests, maximize their happiness, and try to minimize their suffering. If they think it is good for them, they will choose to commit a crime. Therefore, the best way to prevent crime is to receive prompt, resolute, properly severe punishment. Like classical theorists, deterrent theorists focus on the impact of official punishment on crime. Deterrence occurs when "someone avoided the crime because of the certainty, speed and / or severity of formal legal punishment" (Paternoster & Bachman, 2001)