Designer TAL Effectors Induce Disease Susceptibility and Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae in Rice

Target genomic editing techniques mediated by various sequence-specific nucleases have become a powerful tool for plant genetic function research and crop improvement. Due to its simplicity and versatility, the recently developed CRISPR / Cas9 system makes plant genomic editing easier. Here we introduce a collection of articles published by Molecular Factory on development of plant genome editing technology. I hope that you will be able to read these wonderful papers. It may reflect the molecular plant's devotion in serving partly to the global plant science community. We especially hope that you can find and develop the right tools based on these reports to promote plant science research and to improve agricultural production in the near future.

Ronald is the main subject of this change. In 1995, she isolated and identified rice gene Xa21. It confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Aspergillus oryzae is a bacterium that causes catastrophic rice blast in Asia and Africa, and more than 90% of its crops are grown on small, family-run farms. This is the first gene isolated and manipulated in cereals. But her revolutionary work also reveals the bigger truth. The Xa21 gene is located on chromosome 11 and encodes a receptor protein kinase, a membrane protein that appears to be able to sense and initiate a protective response. "Suddenly there is a clear model of how plants can fight infections," Ronald said.

Asian rice Oryza sativa is the main food source for many people all over the world. Combined with rice Oryza glaberrima in Africa, it is the third largest cultivated plant in the world since it became only sugarcane and corn (maize). However, in paddy fields, weeds with the problem of Echinochloa oryzoides are known. Everyone who has a garden knows that a large amount of labor is necessary to remove any planting (commercial or ornamental) planting. For agriculture, effective weed removal can increase the overall crop yield. Of course, from the ecological point of view, the word weed has no specific meaning. It is merely a label of plants and people do not want it with a specific place or background

This is what happened to Oryza sativa and Echinochloa oryzoides. Both are members of the grass family and can survive and prosper in submerged fields. Those growing rice field remove things other than obvious straw, but in this case it is difficult to eliminate 100%. Therefore, weeds become protective imitations by human behavior. Of course, this is not the first such case. One more interesting example is the cultivation of wheat and wheat. The first evidence of wheat farming occurred in the flood plain (fertile crescent) of the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates River around 9,600 BC. Proceeding about 8,000 years ago, you will find the first archaeological evidence of growing rye (Secale cereale) in Central Europe. Wild rye is native to Turkey and it is most likely to enter Europe through wheat as it is imitated closely