Democritus

Democritus and his teacher Leucippus replaced the theological and supernatural interpretation of the phenomenon with a materialistic interpretation of nature. They believe that the world is entirely composed of substances and these materials are all visible, a few invisible particles that can be combined to make their nature and behavior . The basic elements of those times - earth, water, air, and fire - are now compounds of sub-elementary particles called atoms (atomic) in the interatomic space or vacuum.

Parmenides denies the possibility of voids with false logic and if there is nothing between the two entities they will touch each other. Plato and Aristotle generally prefer the idea that Parmenides consecutively fills the chamber and oppose the atomist theory of discrete particles without separation. Democrats denied the arbitrariness of the phenomenon implied by the free behavior of the gods. He replaced this interpretation with the idea of ​​controlling the deterministic laws of atomic behavior and therefore explained all phenomena of atoms, including humans and their behavior. Leucippus denies that whatever happens randomly (μ άτην),

All events in the world are associated with future possibilities in an eternal deterministic causal chain that can be cycled and repeated in the universe 's "great cycle". When denying God and its freedom, Democritus definitely recognized the adverse effects on human liberty and moral responsibility. Does causality document explain that all events are reduced to just what happens without any intention, purpose, and space for human will? Moral responsibility is very important for Democrats. This is an important reason why he eliminated the concept of faith and fate. Unfortunately, the exclusion of the gods is rude and Democritus' work has been avoided by many philosophers, beginning with Socrates and Plato. Nonetheless, his view on atoms and emptiness working through the laws of causality in nature is arbitrary fate and acquisition of the traditional view of God 's fickle, Democritus is merely deterministic responsible enough We insist on offering. In this respect, Democritus seems to have foreseen the semi-compatibility of determinism and moral responsibility. Centuries later, atomistic epiculus added opportunities to break more causal linkage and provide more control and moral responsibility than physical determinism, because in his view Democritus' strictness causality determinism is It is worse than the gods of destiny. At least one person can ask for godly compassion. In the letter to Agnesus, Epicurus said, 134,

It is best to follow myths about God so that it does not become a slave of physicist's "fate". The former suggests hope of forgiveness in exchange for honor, but the latter has inevitable inevitability.

... The ancient philosophy was Democritus (5th century BC). Democritus agreed to Parmenides on the impossibility of qualitative change but did not agree on quantitative change. He believes that this change requires mathematical reasoning and is therefore possible. Likewise, Democritus is also ... Democritus physics and cosmology are a well designed, systematic version of his teacher Leucippus. In order to explain the changing physical phenomena of the world, Democritus insists that space or void is considered equivalent and has equivalent rights to reality or existence. He thinks that the gap is a vacuum, an infinite space where numerous atoms (the physical world) that make up the exist are moving.

Epicuras made major changes to the theory of atomic physics. Some of it goes back to criticism against Aristotle's democritus. It seems that Democritus does not properly distinguish between the impercutability of atoms and the atomicity of those concepts. This raises questions as to how the atoms have parts, as evidenced by the ability to shape changes in shape and size of atoms. As such, they are in contact with each other in a different series. Although Epicura distinguishes between these two and thinks that uncleavable atoms have conceptually different parts, the smallest of these atoms