Degradation of the Liver by Matrix Metalloproteinases

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is an enzyme involved in the degradation of the liver matrix [38]. These are calcium-dependent enzymes that specifically degrade collagen and non-collagen substrates. MMPs are classified into 5 classes according to their substrate [39]: 1) interstitial collagenase (MMP - 1, - 8, -13), 2) gelatinase (MMP - 2, - 9 and fibroblast activation protein). 3) matrix lysin (MMP - 3, - 7, - 10, - 11), 4) membrane type (MMP - 14, -15, -16, -17, -24, -25), and 5) Protease (MMP-12)

The collagen bone matrix is ​​lysed by two sets of enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and lysosomal cathepsin. In particular, cathepsin K has been identified as an important enzyme. It is secreted in the resorption chamber, which degrades collagen I at acidic pH inhibition of cathepsin K prevents matrix degradation and loss of mouse cathepsin K gene leads to osteopetrosis. Homozygous mutation of the human cathepsin K gene causes pyonodisostosis The formation and maintenance of the osteoclast polarizing membrane domain requires complex vesicular transport mechanisms and continuous remodeling of the osteoclast skeleton . One protein that plays an important role in vesicular trafficking and acidification is PLEKHM 1, in which heterozygous mutations are associated with intermediate forms of osteoporosis.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that degrade components of the extracellular matrix or basement membrane. MMP is a family of at least 20 human zinc-dependent endopeptidases capable of collectively degrading extracellular matrix components. MMP contains a signal / propeptide domain with a highly conserved zinc binding site, a hinge region and a catalytic domain of a heme binding protein like domain. These members of the MMP gene family can be classified into subsets of collagenase, matrix lysine, gelatinase, membrane MMP and other MMPs based on their substrate specificity and structure. The increased expression of MMP in advanced tumors and their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix barriers of these enzymes suggests that these enzymes play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. In bladder cancer, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 is elevated in tumor tissue, which is related to the stage, grade or prognosis of the tumor.

Essay.com / bladder transitional epithelial cancer. Cause, treatment, staging, metabolism, role of extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, cell cycle, gene regulation, tumor suppressor gene and oncogene

Bladder transition epithelial cancer cause, treatment, staging, metabolism, role of extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, cell cycle, gene regulation, tumor suppressor gene and oncogene