Defining childhood at the beginning of the twenty‐first century: children as agents

Modern children 's book appeared in England in the mid 18th century. The combination of the influence of innocent theory of careful intermediate middle class growing and children of the rock age has created the beginning of childhood as a concept. "Little Beautiful Pocket Book" written and published by John Newbery is widely accepted as the first contemporary children's book published in 1744. It is the first milestone of children's publications designed to provide pleasure for children, such as mixed rhythms, painting stories, and game fun. Newbury believes that for good behavior of children, this game is a better temptation than physical fitness training, and that children record their actions everyday.

Shavit started by discussing his article on the beginning of the concept of childhood. He explained how children lived in the adult world till the 17th century and was not considered to be different from adults. (Shavit, 318) In other words, there is no concept of what a child is in the world. Every aspect of a child's life is also an adult's aspect. He raised various reasons, including high child mortality and low child survival. In addition, the kids did not actually enjoy their childhood. Because it is now defined as early in life.

The definition of "child" shows that it is a human social group from birth to 20 years old. A closely related concept, "childhood" refers to the life stage of these people. Since mid-20th century sociologists generally did not focus on children's research, leaving this field to a psychologist who often studies children from the viewpoint of developmental psychology. After that, the flow of three major sociological thinking began to develop. The first part examines how the child's development is constrained by historical and social situations. In the second part, we will examine how children create their own world and become actively subjects, not passive recipients of socialization. The third section explains the importance of social investment and family investment for children. For many researchers academic insights and sociological insights in psychology, economics, and demography provide new information on the happiness of children.