Dam Break Flows and Flooding

The most difficult feature of the shallow water wave equation is to enable discontinuities and smooth solutions. Even if the initial data is smooth, there is a possibility that discontinuous solutions may be obtained at a limited time. The nonlinear nature of the equation also means that the analytical solution of these equations is limited to very special cases. Those nonlinear characteristics usually produce discontinuous solutions. This discontinuity, often referred to as "shock" or "shockwave", led to the failure of many classical numerical methods.

Floods usually occur when dry land is immersed in water (or flowing mud). Causes of flooding include water leakage to river banks including artificial water such as dams and dams, structural damages of dams and dams, rapid outflows and surface waters, storm surges due to tsunamis caused by hurricanes and earthquakes, erosion of coastlines, etc. It will be considered. In many cases, the two most important parameters of the flood plan are sudden occurrences - in the case of flash floods and dam failure - the height of the floods associated with terrain and structure. Other factors that cause damage are the flowing water velocity or "energy", the water-borne debris, and the duration of the flood condition. Floods can occur anytime of the year, but due to melting snow, glacial rifts and rainy weather, floods mainly occur from the end of winter to the beginning of spring.

Floods in torrential rains and areas with poor drainage systems. Floods are also caused by other causes, such as water overflowing from the river or the sea, fresh water overflowing due to the destruction of the dam, excessive water flow caused by sudden melting of glaciers. In coastal areas, hurricanes and tsunamis caused floods. Floods can cause great damage as well as other natural disasters. Several of the world's towns suffered a serious flood, which killed people and animals, caused property damage and other valuable assets, as well as damage to the soil and plants. Due to this weather condition, farmers' crops were destroyed and farmers were greatly affected by the flood. When several days of water accumulates in a specific place, various diseases may occur. If the situation is serious, schools and offices will be closed, which will hinder people's normal lives. It takes months to revive the place to face heavy flooding

The dam was built to keep the water flowing under the hill. Underwater power is used to turn the propeller to generate electricity. The dam may explode because it can not hold a large amount of water and flooding may occur in nearby areas. Sometimes the dam deliberately discharges excess water to prevent it from bursting. This can also lead to floods. Recently, the frequency of floods has increased. It is said that the average seawater temperature rose sharply due to global warming, which has resulted in the increase and seriousness of the tropical cyclone in the Caribbean Sea. These storms cause heavy rain in the countries on the path. Global warming that causes temperature rise also causes melting of glaciers and ice sheets, which is the cause of flooding in many areas.