Cutting Edge Technology: Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes, which have been at the forefront of technology for the past 20 years, are still not old news. Daily universities and research centers around the world are discovering new ways to manufacture and use carbon nanotubes. From some of the more common uses, such as strengthening protective clothing and creating synthetic muscles, carbon nanotubes are a versatile enhancer in a variety of ways and may spread in the near future.

Carbon nanotubes belong to the fullerene family and are defined as scaffolds (spherical, elliptical or tubular) consisting entirely of carbon atoms. Carbon nanotubes can be roughly classified into single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes based on their shape and size (Fig. 10.5). Carbon nanotubes are relatively inert, non-immunogenic, and non-toxic (oral route). They are highly stable granular systems which provide reservoir release without natural insolubility. Carbon nanotubes are ideal carriers for antigen delivery by the oral route. The antigen embedded in the scaffold is absorbed through the lumen by macrophage phagocytosis via M cells. The phagocytic antigen is transferred to DC, which further stimulates T cell and B cell mediated immune responses. Carbon nanotubes activate MHC class I and MHC class II and show that they preferably induce a humoral immune response. Wang et al. It also induces an immune response through Th1 and Th2

Carbon nanotubes are graphite sheet tubes with a diameter of nanometers including single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Several nanotubes are open at the ends and others are closed with fullerene caps. Carbon nanotubes are known as "the king of nanomaterials". Nanotube drugs are known to kill bacteria. These medicines are more effective than traditional antibiotics. These nanotubes have a diameter of about 3 nm and a length of about 6 nm. In order to make them an effective fungicide, they are attached to the side chain of the amino acids constituting the tube.

It was found that the important nanoparticles found in 1991 are carbon nanotubes. The buckyballs are round and the nanotubes are cylinders that are not folded to form a sphere. Carbon nanotubes are composed of hexagonally bonded carbon atoms, and each carbon atom is covalently bonded to the other three carbon atoms. Carbon nanotubes have a diameter of 1 nanometer and a length of several centimeters. Carbon nanotubes are as powerful as buckyballs, but they are not fragile. They can bend and release, they bounce back to their original shape