Crossing Flies to Determine the Inheritance Pattern of Wing Type and Eye Color in Drosophila Melanogaster

Studying fruit fly helps scientists to understand biological phenomena occurring in other, more complex organisms. For example, simple Mendelian genetic events other than Drosophila Mendel and simple Mendelian genetic events also apply to other organisms including humans (Mudher / 2008). According to Brooker (2009) in his book "Genetic Analysis and Principals", genetics studies how traits are handed down from the parent to descendants. Genetics in research biology is called genetics (Klug / 1997). In fact, since the diversity of individuals inherited from parents accumulates over time, heredity is a factor in the evolution of species (Klug / 1997).

Drosophila melanogaster is a useful drosophila in biological research, especially genetics and developmental biology. (Manning, 1997) For the purpose of this experiment, Using Melanogaster, Mendelian inheritance patterns commonly found in genetic studies were investigated. The results of the final offspring indicate whether the trait of Drosophila is a product of an independent classification that is a Mendelian inheritance model or whether the non-Mendelian inheritance model is valid.

To start the experiment, you first need to design the phenotype of the fruit fly to be mated. In addition to wild type fruit fly, FlyLab also contains different mutations in 29 common fruit Drosophila melanogaster. 29 mutations are mutations that are actually known in Drosophila. These mutations cause phenotypic changes in bristle shape, body color, tentacle shape, eye color, eye shape, wing size, wing shape, wing venous structure, feather angle . For simulation purposes, the genetic inheritance of FlyLab follows a completely advantageous Mendelian principle.

Morgan spent many years researching the Drosophila melanogaster of Drosophila. In 1910, he encountered a new mutation that changed his eye color from red to white. Like humans, male fruit fly has different sex chromosomes - X and Y -, but women have XX. Morgan realized that the gene must be carried on the chromosome, since the mutation only affects men. Based on the fact that descendants inherit a new combination of their parent's characteristics, Morgan proposes that genes be placed on chromosomes like beads on beads. He suggested to create a new combination of genes by exchanging and exchanging genetic material between a pair of chromosomes. This is the basis of genetic chromosome theory

Genetic Linkage Map of Drosophila Thomas Hunt Morgan This is the first successful genetic mapping study to provide important evidence for genetic chromosome theory. This figure shows the relative position of allele features on the second Drosophila chromosome. The distance between genes (unit of map) is equal to the ratio of crossing events occurring between different alleles. Genetic markers are commonly used in Drosophila research, such as the insertion of balanced chromosomes and P elements, and most phenotypes can be readily identified with the naked eye or microscope. In the following list of some common markers, followed by the allele symbol followed by the name of the affected gene and a description of its phenotype. (Note: recessive allele is lowercase, dominant allele is uppercase.)