Constructing Hypotheses in Quantitative Research

Hypotheses are verifiable statements related to your research questions. The hypothesis bridges a brief statement of the relationship between the general problem you are investigating (ie research question) and your hypothetical variables. For example, if you are investigating the impact of counseling on the intent of a first-generation student staying at a university, you may have the following survey questions:

"Does the existence of leadership influence the intention of the first generation students to stay at the university?"

This statement clearly clarifies the structure we are studying and the specific variables, but we have not yet determined exactly what we are testing. We will use these assumptions to clarify this. Specifically, we will create null and alternative assumptions to accurately identify what we are trying to test. In general, the null hypothesis indicates that there are no observable differences or relationships, and the alternative hypothesis indicates that there are observable differences or relationships. In the example above, our hypothesis is as follows.

Empty hypothesis: the existence of leadership relationship does not affect the intention of first generation students to remain in university

Alternative Hypothesis: The existence of leadership relationship affects the intention of first generation students to stay at university

We assume that there is no need for instructions. As mentioned above, we assume there is no instruction. In order to give guidance to them, we will refer to the previous literature to decide how the instructional relationship affects the intention of being at school. If research indicates that the existence of counseling relationships increases the connection between students and universities and their desire to study abroad, our alternative hypothesis will point out.

"The existence of the counseling relationship increased the willingness of first generation students to stay at university."

Our research points out that if research shows that the existence of counseling relationships can minimize the student's desire to establish a further connection with the university and thereby reduce their motivation to stay I will.

"The presence of the guidance relationship reduces the willingness of first generation students to stay at university."

After statistical analysis, we decide whether to reject the null hypothesis to support the alternative hypothesis.

The MM hypothesis is different from individual quantitative or qualitative research questions. In addition to having to integrate quantitative and qualitative data, we need to integrate assumptions as well. MM experts are promoting the development of three hypotheses based on the theory. The hypothesis should be an a priori, logical and continuous research question (for details see Onwuegbuzie & Leech, 2006). Experts encourage researchers to build three different types of assumptions for MM research projects. There may be more than two assumptions, but each type must have at least one. The first hypothesis is quantitative and the second hypothesis should be qualitative. The third hypothesis is the MM hypothesis.

Suppose some problems may be called research hypotheses. A hypothesis is a provisional description of the relationship between two or more variables. Hypothetical expressions are features of quantitative research rather than qualitative research (the types of these studies are defined below in the discussion of selection of research methods). A variable is a characteristic of a person, thing, or circumstance that may change. For example, age, weight, type of medication taken, smoking behavior, living experience, belief, etc are all variables. In the hypothesis, you can explain that variables are independent or dependent. Independent variables are "known causes" and dependent variables are "known effects" (11). In the above study on urinary incontinence, factors related to treatment are independent variables and clinical outcome, and patient satisfaction is a dependent variable