Concerns about Cognitive Enhancements

Socrates criticized literacy ability around BC 410 and thought that words that were recorded permanently would make believe that young people found knowledge. Socrates believes that true knowledge comes from experience. But centuries later, humans realize that they are being strengthened by their literacy skills and can record ideas and communications without a writer. History shows that humans are born without reading ability; we strengthen ourselves by using neural plasticity.

Hakuta and Diaz solve bilingual and chicken and egg problems related to their reported cognitive abilities; children with higher cognitive abilities tend to learn multiple languages, improve cognition Ability to help? They conducted a series of nonverbal tests designed to measure cognitive abilities of bilingual children samples (Raven's progressive matrix). From these tests the results show that their sample and test scores are related by the degree of bilingualism (the extent to which they are proficient in their respective languages) and that bilingualism predicts performance I will. ability)). However, it is important to note that most native bilinguals are smart, so they have not learned the second language.

Today's general consensus shows the idea that bilingualism brings about various cognitive benefits. Because their bilingual abilities increase their cognitive abilities, it can be assumed that the third language learner is obviously more advantageous than the second language learner. Hakuta & Bialystok (1994) wrote that "Knowledge of the two languages ​​is larger than the sum of the parts." Especially when students' bilingual abilities are additive rather than subtractive, most studies tend to show that bilingual is superior to monolingual in language acquisition (Cenoz, 2003). Language similarity, L1 / L2 effect, L1 / L2 proficiency, Recent use, Language state, General grammatical influence, Inter-language influence, Initial multilingual and TLA age, TLA There are other factors that affect. Angelis 2007; Cenoz, 2008) will focus on the impact of bilingualism on TLA.

The use of pharmacological agents for cognitive enhancement purposes is one of the most frequently discussed problems in cognitive neuroscience, philosophy and media. There is an extreme view on whether healthy people should use these medications for cognitive enhancement purposes. Some scholars are now faithful supporters of strengthening drug recognition, but other scholars oppose it entirely. This causes a cultural war to improve so-called cognition. From this overview it is clear that the empirical evidence supporting cognitive enhancement of pharmacological substances in other healthy individuals is not definitive. There are also many neuroethical problems arising from their use, controversies arise from advocacy and specific opinions. Cultural warfare in cognitive enhancement itself may constitute a moral problem as it itself prevents correct and sincere dialogue in that field.