Compromise of 1877: Set Stage for Jim Crow Era

The compromise of 1877 was one of a series of political compromises made to bring the United States peacefully in the 19th century.

The uniqueness of the compromise of 1877 was that it took place after the Civil War, so it was to prevent the second occurrence of violence. All other compromises, such as the Missouri compromise plan (1820), the 1850 compromise plan, the Kansas Nebraska state law (1854), all dealt with the issue of whether the new state is free and slave, We are aiming at avoiding the civil war concerning.

A compromise in 1877 was also unusual as it was not achieved after a public debate at the US Congress. It is mainly produced behind the scenes, there are few records. It appeared in a controversial presidential election, but still has an old problem from north to south, this time including the last three southern countries under Republican government control during the reconstruction period.

The time of consensus was promoted by the 1876 presidential election during the Republican elections of New York State governor Samuel B. Tilden and Ohio governor Rutherford B. Hayes. When counting the number of votes, Tilden voted for Hayes one vote at a time. But Republicans said they threatened the voters of the three states African-Americans in Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina, interfered with the voting, thereby illegally electioning to Tilden, to the Democrat We condemn the voting fraud.

Congress established five bipartisan representatives, five senators and five Supreme Court judge bipartisan committees with five Republicans and seven Democrats. They have reached an agreement: if Republicans withdraw all remaining federal forces from the southern states, the Democratic Party will allow Hayes to become President, and will be a political and civic African-American I agree to respect the rights. This effectively ended the era of rebuilding in the south, strengthening the rule of the Democratic Party which lasted almost a century in the mid-1960s.

Hayes maintained his consensus within two months after his inauguration and withdrew all federal forces from the southern province. But Southern Democrats violated their agreement.

When the existence of the Federation disappears, deprivation of the rights of South African voters in Africa has spread and southern provinces have passed the apartheid law covering almost all aspects of society until the 1964 civil rights law was adopted . change. Management of President Lyndon B. Johnson. A year later, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 eventually incorporated the promise made by the South Democratic Party into the law in the compromise plan of 1877.

After the compromise of 1877, the social status of black Americans declined. Immediately thereafter, the power of the Redeem was destroyed, and these hills and villages controlled control and reached Jim Crow's law. The word Jim Crow is probably a common black slang based on the principle of prosody. These separation methods were initiated using Jim Crow railway, the location of KKK in 1881, and in 1907 spread to 13 other southern provinces. Through these laws, blacks are excluded from the grandfather's provision, white primary tax and head tax voting. They are also limited to the most humble task isolated from better towns, white schools and universities, white hotels and restaurants, and further isolated by bus. In 1875, when the Supreme Court ruled that the bill was illegal, the bill was reversed, but the "civil rights law" was prohibited from being discriminated against hotels.

Jim Crow is a popular bird show by a white actor who loves African Americans. The phrase "Jim Crow law" was used to explain the apartheid system which was mainly used in the south from 1877 to the early 1950's. The logo tells African Americans where they can go. Restaurant dining area, fountain, and even the bathroom are independent. In the summer of 1919 ethnic riots occurred in northern and southern cities. During this "red summer", 26 riots occurred between April and October. In Chicago, 38 people were killed and 500 people were injured. The riot lasted until the 1920s. In 1921, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, a white elevator operator insisted that a black man attacked her. The man was arrested. Caucasian residents burned houses and destroyed black companies. Burn 35 city blocks and arrest over 6,000 African Americans