Figure 2 below is based on 389 occupation data that covers the entire labor force of the private sector and compares occupations according to occupational classification in 1990 using crosswalk developed by Meyer and Osborne (2005) . Due to changes in occupational pedestrian crossings and definitions that have become apparent over the years, more occupational separation analysis has been offered than any other year (2012, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics has more than 500 List profession). Studies have shown that the more classification by sex, the more detailed the occupational classification is studied (see, for example, Bayard, Hellerstein, Neumark and Troske, 2003; Bellas and Coventry, 2001; Brummund, Liu 2013; and Groshen, 1991 ). In some cases, the next analysis may underestimate the actual isolation level (you need to merge occupations to lower the level of detail in order to ensure compatibility over years of data) For).
Provide isolation by building an index of carrier differences. This indicator is an approach to compare the proportion of women in each occupation of Duncan and Duncan (1955) with the proportion of women in the total labor force and then calculate how many women (or males) need to change. Occupation: To achieve the same gender distribution of each individual's occupation and the economy as a whole, occupations are weighted by the proportion of the total labor force (see Blau and Hendricks 1979). A value of 1 indicates that the occupation is completely isolated, and a value of 0 indicates that the occupation has the same gender balance as total employment.