Collectivism versus Individualism

It is human nature to see various people and classify them into various categories. Differences between individualism and collectivism are now widely studied. On the other hand, individualism regards individuals as basic units of society. Individuals should be unique and independent, and most importantly they think they can give their own interests top priority. On the other hand, collectivism regards the basic composition of society as a social group and emphasizes people's interpersonal relationship.

Hofstede (1980) has a great influence on leading the era of intercultural research, and it compares it in terms of collectivism and individualism. Hofstede conceptualizes collectivism and individualism as a part of a single continuum, each representing the opposite polarity. The authors believe that individuals believe very collectivism is embedded in their social environment and prioritize the community's goals rather than personal goals. Groupism - Individualism is a one-dimensional concept that has been challenged by contemporary theorists.

Hohstedd 's dimensions are power distance, individualism and collectivism, manhood and femininity, avoidance of uncertainty, and long and short. Some GLOBE dimensions are power distance, individualism / collectivism, humanity orientation, performance orientation, uncertainty avoidance, gender difference and future orientation.

Hofstede (1997) proposes differences in cultures in five dimensions: individualism and collectivism, male and female sex, long-term orientation and short-term orientation, power distance and uncertainty avoidance (see Figure 2.1). In this section, we first explain the group collectivism and individualism of dimensions. Hofstede (1997) defines the cultural aspects of collectivism and individualism as "the extent to which society strengthens individual or group achievement and interpersonal relationship." The fundamental problem with this point is the degree of interdependence society maintains among its members. It is related to how people's self-image is defined by "me" and "us". Individualist high scores indicate that individual and individual rights are extremely important in society.