Civil War and Reconstruction

In 1861, America faced the most serious crisis of that time. The northern and southern states have become increasingly different in terms of social, economic and political aspects. The south is mainly agriculture, but in the north there are more and more industries and commerce. However, what is more important than these differences is the slavery system of African-Americans. This "special institution" is more separated from the south than any other single one. Northern Europeans often want to limit the spread of slavery, and some people want to completely abolish it. People in the south usually want to maintain or expand educational institutions. Therefore, slaves are the focus of the political crisis.

After the 1860 Republican presidential election of Abraham Lincoln, eleven Southern states ultimately left the Federation Union in 1861. They try to establish an independent state federation, and slavery is protected. Meanwhile, trade union activists in the north assert that division is not only unconstitutional, but also imaginable. They think that they are willing to do their best to maintain the southern union. Even the southern people who do not have slaves are against the obligatory behavior of the federal government. As a result, expensive and bloodshed civil war has occurred. Like many of the other domestic wars, many Americans were murdered in the civil war.

After the four-year battle, the alliance recovered with power. The problem of rebuilding an alliance is as difficult as war. Most of the war was done in the south, so the area was materially and economically damaged. To help free people (former slaves) and to establish a state government that is loyal to the alliance raised a difficult problem that took years to resolve.

Civil war and era of reconstruction. The era of civil war and reconstruction is the transition period of citizenship and citizenship of the United States. The Constitutional Amendment No. 13 (approved in 1865) abolished slavery and provided constitutional guarantees to freed slaves. The unexpected release at the start of the civil war has become the driving force to redefine the citizenship and citizenship of the United States. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was the first civil rights law in the United States and was established for the first time in a language clearly specifying the qualifications of US citizenship. The principle of birth citizenship was later incorporated into the 14 th revision (approved in 1868). This amendment also prohibits state governments from depriving privileges and immunities from US citizens.

The revival period of the United States was after the civil war. Reconstruction also means that the South was rebuilt after the Civil War. The reconstruction continued from 1865 to 1877 and has continued to be the most controversial period in the history of the country and yet. The scholars are still discussing the legacy, success, and failure of this age. There are many to say about the positive impact of reconstruction on North and South. In May 1865, Johnson announced his own reconstruction plan. It gives pardon to all white people in the south. However, the main southern leaders and wealthy South Confederation are exceptions. If you think about it, this plan is like "reward" for Caucasian southerans who have money and are helping allies. As the north won, they will earn "reward" by developing this plan. As early as 1866, Congress passed the "civil rights law" to protect the various legal rights of former citizen slaves.