Chinese examination system

The Chinese examination system, civil service recruitment method, and educational system adopted the Han dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) and was abolished by Qing Emperor Tsu Hishi under the pressure of Chinese intellectuals in 1905 It was. The concept of the country which is dominated by people with ability and virtue is the product of Confucian philosophy. The screening system will try to recruit men based on merit rather than family or political relationship. Education is highly appreciated in traditional China as the success of the screening system is the foundation of social position and education is the key to institutional success. When a person passes the provincial exam, all of his family is promoted to the status of a gentleman of scholars, and gains fame and privilege. The text studied for the exam is Confucian classics. In the Tang Dynasty (618 - 906), the inspection system was reorganized and managed more effectively. In Song Dynasty (960 - 1279), the system has been further modified. Several scholars criticized emphasis on memory without practical application and the scope of the exam was narrow. Wang Anshi improved the exam while emphasizing the understanding of basic thinking and the ability to apply classical insight into modern problems. In Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), commentary by the New Confucianist Philosopher Zhu Xi of Song Dynasty was adopted as a classical Orthodox interpretation. Although only a small percentage of students can take the post, it took 20 to 30 years to learn orthodox comments in preparation for a series of up to eight trials to get the best degree . It was 19 cents. For staff facing China's modernization tasks, the examination system is considered to be outdated and insufficiently trained. After abolition, mass education and Western-style courses were promoted.

W. Franke, "Reform and abolition of traditional Chinese examination system" (1960); M. S. Meskill, a civil servant in China (1963); A. Kracke, Jr. , Early morning China, 960-1067 (1968); I. C. Y. Hsu, "the rise of modern China" (1970); I. Miyazaki, China test hell (tr.1981)

The influence of the Chinese test system spread to neighboring Asian countries such as Vietnam, Korea, Japan (although omitted), and the Ryukyus. In the reports of European missionaries and diplomats, the Chinese test system was introduced to the Western countries, companies in the UK East India were encouraged to adopt a similar approach to select future employees. After the company's first success, the British government adopted a similar civil service screening test system in 1855. Other European countries such as France and Germany follow it. After mimicking these previous adaptations, the United States established its own test plans for specific government work since 1883.

The Chinese civil service system, traditional Chinese government administrative system is elected by its members through competitive review. The Chinese civil servant system has stabilized the Chinese empire for more than 2000 and is providing one of the major channels of social mobility to Chinese society. It became a model for civil servants later developed in other Asian and Western European countries. Since Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) established China's first central bureaucratic empire, administrative system was necessary to compose it. The recruitment of Qin Guanyu is based on the advice of the local authorities. This system was originally adopted by the later Han dynasty (206 BC to 220 BC), but in 124 BC, in order to nurture and test the Confucian government's technique during the reign of Wu Emperor in Han Dynasty Imperial University was founded. official