Chemical Elements

Click on the image to enlarge it. Natural fluorite, impure stains, 15 grams. Original size (cm): 5 × 5

Fluorine is the most chemically aggressive element. The pure form is yellow green F gas. It is highly toxic, reacts to almost all substances, and in most cases is very strong. Contact with water produces very harsh hydrofluoric acid HF. Its salt (fluoride), especially fluorite (calcium fluoride, CaF) is shown here and often appears as a natural mineral. Flux is necessary for bones and teeth, but if it is too high, it becomes toxic immediately.

Fluorite adds a fluorescent name to this phenomenon. Therefore, light is absorbed before it is emitted in another (in most cases) longer wavelengths. It is not fluorite itself, but some lanthanide and transition metal inclusions.

Another type of fluorite, 25 grams, 3 x 5 cm. incl inclusion becomes purple (left), and blue fluorescence is emitted under ultraviolet light (right)

Fluorine gas is only as a montage picture, because fluorine reacts even with glass. It may seem like that (under high pressure, otherwise fluorine is almost colorless), then it will corrode the glass and gas will be gone

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According to Chemistry Explained, originally discovered by France chemist Paul-ÉmileLecoqde Boisbaudran in 1875, the element has studied the spectrum of chemical elements for 15 years. This method is a reliable way to identify elements, as each element produces its own unique line or spectrum. Lecoq de Boisbaudran wondered if element 31 could be found in a zinc mine. Zinc of atomic number 30 is next to gallium in the periodic table. With the beam splitter in August 1875, Lecoq de Boisbaudran found some gallium, but only a little. According to Chemistry Explained, he reports that the spectrum of the new element consists of narrow and easy-to-see ultraviolet rays.

The Periodic Table of Elements is a chart of the arrangement of known and recognized chemical elements in tissue. The configuration on the desktop is based on the atomic weight, electronic composition, and chemical nature of the element. Elements are indicated according to the amount of atoms they increase, from small to largest. The first periodic table in the form of "rows and columns" we saw today was invented by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. It contains attributes of all known elements at that time. Mendeleev predicted that at some point in the future, several unknown elements will fill some gaps in his desk.

In the Periodic Table of the Elements, in the chemical order, the order of all chemical elements in ascending order of atomic numbers - the total number of protons in the nucleus. When chemical elements are arranged in this way, their characteristics have a repeating pattern called "periodic law", and the elements in the same column (group) have similar characteristics. (See Figure 1.) The first discovery was proposed by Dmitry I. Mendeleyev in the mid-19th century and is very valuable in the development of chemistry.