Characteristics, Sources and Function of the Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Two Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) In the late 1960s, Friendsenstein and colleagues reported that MSC as an adherent, nonophagocytic, fibroblastoid population capable of regenerating the normal bone foundation in vitro and in vivo It was first identified. Friedenstein et al. 1970; Friedenstein et al. , 1974a; Friedenstein et al. , 1974 b). This group identified homogeneous spindle shaped adherent cell populations when culturing whole bone marrow (BM) in vitro. This assay was then developed as a colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay, a standard method for identifying MSCs.

Mesenchymal stem cells are reported to exist in many tissues. Bone marrow-derived cells (bone marrow stromal stem cells, bone stem cells) produce a variety of cell types: osteocytes (osteoblasts and bone cells), chondrocytes (chondrocytes), adipocytes (adipocytes) Support stromal cells. Been formed. However, it is unclear how similar or different mesenchymal cells from a non-myeloid source are derived from the bone marrow stroma. Skin stem cells occur at the base of the epidermis and the base of the hair follicle. Epidermal stem cells produce keratinocytes that migrate to the surface of the skin and form a protective layer. Follicular stem cells produce hair follicles and epidermis

New sources of mesenchymal stem cells, including stem cells present in the skin and dermis, are being studied because they are easy to harvest and have minimal risk to animals. It has also been found that hematopoietic stem cells migrate in the bloodstream, have the same differentiation potential as other mesenchymal stem cells, and noninvasive harvesting techniques. Recently, people are interested in using additional embryonic mesenchymal stem cells. The differentiation potential of stem cells found in umbilical cord, yolk sac and placenta of various animals is currently being studied. These stem cells are thought to have better differentiation potential than adult stem cells, including the ability to more easily form endoderm and ectoderm tissues.