Chapter Two - Allelopathy and the Role of Allelochemicals in Plant Defence

Allelopathy is an interaction of plant growth between plants and other organisms by chemical interactions mediated by biologically active secondary metabolites (called allele chemicals) produced by the release of plants Have been described. Numerous mechanisms have been studied on the release of allelochemicals from various plant tissues, such as volatilization or leaching from the aerial part, leaching from the roots, and decomposition of plant residues in the soil. Despite differences in biological activity and mechanism of action, the related compounds typically have similar biosynthetic pathways and specific classes of metabolites can be produced using different biosynthetic pathways it can. Recently, a lot of research has been done to critically understand the role of Allelochemical on plant inheritance and invasion in local ecosystems and nonconventional ecosystems. In addition, extensive research has been conducted on the selection and use of weed control crops and their residues in weed control in sustainable agricultural systems. A better understanding of the production of allelochemicals related to plant defense strategies (physical and chemical) also means better protection and management of crops under development, limiting the spread of invasive weeds, local plantations It is possible to protect and develop it. Materials development and application strategies New agrochemicals Combined with other Omics technologies, using highly sensitive analytical techniques related to metabolomic performance, unique unique allerochemicals, biosynthetic pathways related to their production, and soil rhizosphere And their complex roles in their production. New advances We are affected by climate change. Identification of new plant metabolites including allerochemicals can generate a source of biobased pesticide by providing complementary structures for future synthesis and development as targets for new molecular targets.

Allelopathic effects have been studied for a long time and it has been shown that many aspects of plant physiology and biochemical processes are influenced by allelochemicals (Zeng et al., 2001; Gniazdowska and Bogatek, 2005 ). A series of physiological and biochemical changes in plants induced by Allelochemicals are detailed below. The shape and structure of plant cells are affected by Allelochemicals. Volatile monoterpenes, eucalyptus and camphor can induce nuclear abnormalities and not only increase the number of vacuoles, but also expand and shorten root cells (Bakkali et al., 2008; Pawlowski et al., 2012). Cruz Ortega et al. (1988) suppression of root and hypocotyl growth of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. Lanatus) by maize pollen extract decreasing mitotic activity by 50% or more, inducing nuclear irregularity and nuclear pynnosis I discovered.

Advances in research on physiological and ecological mechanisms of allelopathic and allelopathic effects of agricultural crops

Allelopathy is an interaction of plant growth between plants and other organisms by chemical interactions mediated by biologically active secondary metabolites (called allele chemicals) produced by the release of plants Have been described. Numerous mechanisms have been studied on the release of allelochemicals from various plant tissues, such as volatilization or leaching from the aerial part, leaching from the roots, and decomposition of plant residues in the soil. Despite differences in biological activity and mechanism of action, the related compounds typically have similar biosynthetic pathways and specific classes of metabolites can be produced using different biosynthetic pathways it can. Several recent studies have also been done to critically understand the role of Allelochemical in plant inheritance and plant invasion in local and non-ecological ecosystems.