Chapter 8: African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam

Which of the following statements about Mari and Songhai Sultanate is most accurate?

A) Sudan has a core region of territory, people have the same ethnic background, but their power extends to lower communities.

B) The cultural unity necessary to establish a country in Sudan is the reason why many people have changed to Christianity.

D) All the Sudanese have converted to Muslims when they first contacted the Islamic army

E) The difference between Sudan and other African civilizations lies in the special lack of families or family pedigrees as organizational principles of society.

The rise of Islamic civilization is closely related to the spread of Sufi's philosophy of Islam. The spread of Sufism is considered to be a deciding factor for the spread of Islam and the creation of Islamic culture, especially in Africa and Asia. The Senussi tribe of Libya and Sudan is one of the most powerful supporters of Sufism. Sufi's poets and philosophers such as Khoja Akhmet Yassawi, Rumi, Nishapur's Attar (around 1145 - 1221) greatly promoted the spread of Islamic culture in Anatolia, Central Asia and South Asia. Sufism also created and spread the culture of the Ottoman world and played a role in resisting European imperialism in North Africa and South Asia.

In at least Western countries, looting in the age of darkness is avoided, and the spread of Islam has created new empires and civilizations in the progress of trade and science between Asia, Africa and the European continent. East Asia experienced the complete establishment of the Chinese empire (after six generations of confusion) and established several prosperous dynasties that influenced South Korea, Vietnam and Japan. Buddhism and New Confucianism spread. Gunpowder was originally developed in China during the post-classical era. The invention of gunpowder led to the invention of fireworks, after which it led to war. Furthermore, the present invention is spreading all over the world. The Mongol empire had a major influence on the majority of Europe and Asia, the latter was conquered in many areas. Mongolians can create safe trade and stability between the two regions but accidentally promote the spread of black plague disease