Chapter 13. Gastrointestinal Disease

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders occur most commonly in one or more of four common symptoms and signs: (1) abdominal pain or chest pain; (2) changes in food intake (eg, nausea, vomiting, Dysphagia [dysphagia] For example, swallowing pain [swallowing disorder] or anorexia [anorexia] (3) intestinal peristalsis (ie diarrhea or constipation); (4) gastrointestinal bleeding, no warning, or In the above cases it occurs in one or more cases (Table 13-1). However, not all cases of certain gastrointestinal disorders exist in the same way. For example, peptic ulcer disease usually accompanies abdominal pain but can be painless.

Gastrointestinal disorders may be limited as gastrointestinal tract (eg, reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer, diverticulosis), symptoms of systemic disease (eg, inflammatory bowel disease), or major gastrointestinal pathological processes there is. Causes of systemic diseases (such as vitamin deficiency due to malabsorption). Because the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract are devoted to specific functions, the most notable causes, consequences, and symptoms of this disease vary from human body to human body.

Acute gastrointestinal disorders may be complicated by dehydration, septicemia, bleeding, or the consequences (shock etc.). Dehydration occurs because of the large amount of liquid passing through the gastrointestinal tract per day, as a result of slight changes in the input or flow of the liquid (see discussion below). Sepsis may be due to damage to the barrier function of environmental pathogens, including bacteria in the colon. The bleeding tendency reflects the large blood vessel distribution of the gastrointestinal tract and the difficulty of putting pressure on the bleeding site.

Digestive disease has long been complicated by malnutrition and lack of condition. The reason for this is that many primary gastrointestinal diseases cause malabsorption (failing to consume one or more essential nutrients during food intake).

Gastrointestinal disorders may manifest themselves as partial or complete occlusion caused by adhesions caused by inflammation of connective tissue and stenosis (occlusion of contents moving towards the gastrointestinal tract). Symptoms and symptoms of obstruction may be mild nausea, abdomen

In gastrointestinal diseases or conditions these functions of the gastrointestinal tract have not been successfully achieved. Patients may experience symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption, constipation or obstruction. The problem of the gastrointestinal tract is very common and most people will experience these symptoms several times in their lifetime. The digestive tract is a muscle duct with special cell layers called epithelial cells lining up. The contents of the tube are thought to be outside the body and are continuous with the outside with the mouth and anus. Each part of the region has a special function, but the whole region has similar basic structure and regional change.

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract occurring in discontinuous patterns (the presence of healthy tissue and diseased tissue). Inflammation is transmural and affects all mucosal layers that form the gastrointestinal wall. Other types of inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis cause superficial inflammation. This means that they affect only the outer layer of the gastrointestinal wall.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract. IBD involves two forms of intestinal inflammation, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease may affect all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, but more generally the distal part of the small intestine and the colon are involved. Ulcerative colitis, on the other hand, causes inflammation of the colon, which may affect the rectum only, or may proceed proximally and partially or completely contain the colon. Currently, the cause of IBD is unknown, but recent research has identified the effects of genetic, environmental and immunological factors on disease. Therefore, susceptibility to disease is determined by genes encoding immune responses caused by environmental stimuli.