Changes in the global value of ecosystem services

The global value of ecosystem services in 1997 was estimated at an average of $ 33 trillion / year in 1995 ($ 46 trillion / year in 2007) in 1995. In this paper, we provide the latest estimates based on the latest estimates of unit ecosystem services and land use change from 1997 to 2011. We also discussed some criticisms on the 1997 document. Using the same methodology as the 1997 document but using the updated data, the worldwide ecosystem services of 2011 will be estimated at $ 125 trillion (assuming a change in unit price and biom area) annually to an estimated 145 trillion It will be dollar. Years (assuming only unit price) are changing, 2007 is all dollars. From this, it is estimated that the loss of ecosystem services between 1997 and 2011 is due to the land use change of 4.3 to 20.2 trillion / year depending on the unit price used. Worldwide estimates expressed in monetary accounting units help to emphasize the scale of ecosystem services, but there is no background for specific decisions. However, you can apply basic data and models across scales to assess changes in various scenarios and strategies. I emphasize that evaluation of ecosystem services is not the same as commercialization or privatization (regardless of unit). Traditional markets are often not the best institutional framework for managing them, as many ecosystem services are best considered as public goods or public resources. However, these services have to be evaluated (and evaluated), and we need a new common asset agency to better explore these values.

Based on the Great Transformation Initiative (GTI) scenario by 2050, estimate the future value of currency unit ecosystem services for the four alternative world land use and management options. We used an estimate of the biomevalue value of ecosystem services in 2011. For each baseline scenario of comparison, we mapped the estimated land use of 2 km 2 biomes globally. This will create an estimate of the value of global ecosystem services, along with the difference in land management in each scenario, allowing for inspections in each country. The results show that under various scenarios the global value of ecosystem services may decrease by 51 trillion dollars a year or 30 trillion dollars per year. In addition to global value, we also report the total number of countries and maps of some sample countries.

Once changes in biodiversity and ecosystem services in each scenario are anticipated, we can compare the relative value of services in each case. Here, the economic assessment needs to address all ecosystem services provided by freshwater (Whitfield et al., 2011). In DURESS, the economic value of the service is derived from the following combination. Non-market value. Here, there is no obvious economic market for river ecosystem services, but people can still get usefulness from these services. The value of these services is based on a professional environmental assessment including the preference method specified (including evaluation and CE), the displayed preference method (travel cost and pleasure setting), or cost-based method Derived using the method. Another option is to extract these values ​​from published evaluations such as UKNEA (2011), TEEB Ecosystem Services Database (TEEB, 2010), using the transfer method defined by Defra (2007).