Changes in Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties Caused by Artificial Drainage of Wetlands

Changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil caused by wetland artificial wastewater vary widely in wetland soil. They are tropical to subarctic. They can be fresh or salty, organic or mineral, either seasonally or throughout the year. They all have a common meaning that they were full of water for at least that part of the period. This saturation has an important influence on the physical, chemical and biota of the soil. However, over the past century more than half of all US wetlands have been used for other purposes such as agriculture and construction.

Due to human influence, the function and quality of many wetlands have changed significantly. These changes are caused by changes in physical, chemical and biological factors of wetland ecosystems. Large-scale land development and purification increased erosion in the highlands and increased deposition of lowland wetlands. This increased accumulation of sediments can change the chemical and hydrological conditions of wetlands in a relatively short period of time. Other human activities that may have a sustainable impact on wetland ecosystems include river channelization, dam construction, industrial waste discharge and municipal sewage (point source pollution), as well as outflow cities and agriculture Regional (non-point source pollution) is included. These activities will help to change wetland flood conditions and nutrient input and circulation.

Biogeochemical cycles involve biological, physical, and chemical conversion of various nutrients in biota, soil, water, air. Wetlands are very important in this regard, especially for nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. A good example of this occurs in sediments of aquatic habitats such as anaerobic (nonoxidative) and chemically reduced wetland soils, as well as estuaries, lakes and streams supporting the role of nitrogen and sulfur circulation. After microbial death, nitrogen and sulfur in biomass of plants and animals are released by calcification. Most of them are finally converted to gaseous state and released into the atmosphere where they are made available again to specific plants in the soil and their associated nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Physical properties - stabilization of the soil structure, improvement of water retentivity, reduction of bulk density, dark color may change thermal properties; chemical substance - higher CEC, pH as a buffer, it is mutual It binds with metals to act - providing energy and suitable ingredients for soil organisms and increasing microbial populations and their activities. Soil organic matter consists of various organic matter including organisms, carbonaceous residues of organisms which once occupied the soil, and organic compounds produced by current and past soil metabolism (Brady and Weil, 1999 ).