Changes in China’s Ethnic Minorities

China is a multiethnic, multilingual and multicultural country ruled by Han people. The current Chinese government approves 56 official ethnic groups. Han is a majority. The remaining 55 people are ethnic minorities and are subject to special policies such as subsidies to specific foods, special considerations concerning national university entrance examinations, and more relaxed contraceptive policy. According to the latest census of 2010, 91.51% of the population is Chinese citizenship, slightly declining from 94% in 1953.

James Leibold HNC '97 is recognized as one of the world's leading experts on the Chinese national problem, and it has a modern history of 120 million ethnic minorities in China, contemporary ethnic relations, ethnic politics and theory, Ethnic education, majority of Han Chinese, clarity of national identity He is currently a senior lecturer in political and Asian studies at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. Brock Wilson HNC '97 is a private banker in Citigroup Asia and offers investment advice to ultra-rich customers. Wilson and his family moved to the United States in mid-2014 after spending many years as a US diplomat and a banker in Credit Suisse in Greater China. Block and his wife have two children, 12 and 14 years old.

This paper explores the time trend of socio-economic differences between ethnic minorities and Chinese Han people. According to the data of a series of censuses and minority population surveys, the regional distribution of ethnic minorities was relatively stable from 1982 to 2005, but the differences in occupational separation and education between ethnic minorities and Han Chinese have been over time . Multivariate analysis of the 2005 small census data revealed that ethnic minority income in urban labor market is disadvantageous especially in the private sector and self-employed minority ethnic groups compared with Han Chinese It was. The analysis also reveals the substantial heterogeneity of ethnic minorities in the socio-economic relationship with the Han people and comprehensively demonstrates the minority performance in the process of China's economic transformation.