Cell Transport Study Guide, L4

Molecule moves from high concentration region to low concentration region without energy

When cells reach equilibrium, does the movement of molecules through the cell membrane stop?

Water moves from a high moisture concentration region to a low moisture concentration region without using energy

Draw and mark the container containing the cell. Label the concentration of solute that enters and exits the cell. Draw an arrow indicating movement of water

What happens when cells containing low concentrations of solute (salt, etc.) enter an environment containing high concentrations of solutes?

Do not forget to draw two concentration abilities. Water leaves the cell and moves to a higher concentration of solute. Cells contract

What happens when cells containing a high concentration of solute (salt, etc.) enter an environment containing a low concentration of solute?

Water moves through the cell membrane to the cell's high concentration of solutes. Cell swells

What happens if the cell concentration solute is equal to the concentration of solute in the environment?

Translation Study Guide This study guide is a written version of the material in the copy unit. In translation, cells use genetic information contained in mRNA to make proteins that function in cells. Cells translate the code contained in mRNA into a new language, an amino acid based protein language. Other types of RNA, such as transfer RNA (tRNA), also contribute to the protein assembly process. As amino acids are added to the polypeptide chain, it no longer promotes binding. How is the DNA code converted to a specific amino acid sequence of the polypeptide? • The nucleotides in the DNA specify the nucleotides in the mRNA. • The nucleotides in the mRNA are read 3 times (as codons) by the ribosome. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid in the growing polypeptide chain. This codon coincides only with the anticodon of the tRNA with a specific amino acid.

Absorption of amino acids is carried out mainly by IEC by active transport. These IECs are highly polarized and the apical plasma membrane faces the intestinal lumen. Because of the different types of transport proteins present in the apical membrane or the basolateral membrane, the IEC can transport substances in one direction through the epithelial cells. There are over 7 types of amino acid transporters on the tip surface of the IEC. One is Na + / amino acid transport system; it transports amino acids from intestinal lumen to cells. On the serosal (basal) surface there are at least five amino acid transporters that transport amino acids from the outside of the cell to the interstitial fluid (Fig. 2). Amino acids can enter the circulation of blood vessels. Undigested and unabsorbed substance enters the colon