cell (n.)

Early 12c. , A monastery, a subordinate abbey (in this sense Latin), later "Monk's monk or nuns' small room, hermit's residence" (about 1300), from the Latin cellar, small room, warehouse room, , "Related to Latin style", "hidden, hidden", "covered with PIE root * kel- (1)", hidden, stored.

From "the room of the monastery", that feeling spreads to the "prison room" (1722). This word is used in 14c, metaphorically speaking, the "compartment" of the brain is used as a residence of several teachers, and in 17c it is used for biology. Various caves (tree structure, fruit, honeycomb) are gradually focusing on "basic structure of all living organisms" in a modern sense (the history of OED dates back to 1845)

The feel of the battery began in 1828, based on a very early type "compartment". That means "a small group working in a larger organization" started in 1925. Cell body was cell division from 1851, 1846, cell membrane from 1837 (cell membrane 1732), cell wall from 1842.

Meiosis I isolates homologous chromosomes connected by quadruplets (2n, 4c), so that each is a chromatid pair (1n, 1n, 2c). Since polyploidy decreases from diploid to haploid, meiosis I is called reductive division. Meiosis II is an aliquot similar to mitosis where sister chromatids are isolated and produces four haploid daughter cells (1 n, 1 c). Early stage I usually is the longest phase of meiosis. During the previous term I, homologous chromosomes pair to exchange DNA (homologous recombination). This usually causes crossing of chromosomes. This process is crucial for pairing between homologous chromosomes and hence accurate separation of chromosomes during the initial meiosis. The combination of new DNA generated during the crossing process is an important cause of genetic variation and it leads to a new allele combination that may be beneficial.

Meiosis I is called meiosis because meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes and produces two haploid cells (23 chromosomes, N in humans). Normal diploid human cells contain 46 chromosomes, which are considered 2N since they contain 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. However, after meiosis I, the cells contain 46 chromatids, but since the sister chromatin later remains together as the mitotic spindle binds, it is considered only as N with 23 chromosomes is there. Pillars to pull new cells. In meiosis II, an aliquot similar to mitosis occurs, where the sister chromatid is finally divided, producing a total of four haploid cells (23 chromosomes, N) from the initial division.