Catalog Record: The growth of cities in the nineteenth century; a study in statistics | Hathi Trust Digital Library

As more and more people leave the village and farm to live in the city, city growth will occur. The rapid growth of cities such as Chicago in the second half of the 19th century and Mumbai in the 1st century is mainly due to migration from rural areas to cities. This growth is particularly common in developing countries. Urbanization occurs naturally when individuals and businesses seek to improve employment, education, housing, recreation and transportation opportunities while reducing commuting time and costs. By living in the city, individuals and families can use proximity, diversity and market competition. Due to the large population, there are possibilities that diverse social communities may exist in urban areas as well as rural areas, and others can find people who like it.

Infectious diseases are a serious threat as the city of the United States is industrialized through the 19th century. The introduction of new immigrants and the growth of the metropolitan area caused the prevalence of diseases of the previous region and infected more people. As industrialization led to urban migration in the rural areas of the United States and Europe, the town has gradually developed into cities. Increased affordable housing demand by urban migrants has resulted in poor housing construction and inadequate personal hygiene. Migrant workers of the 19th century often lived in a narrow house, but there were lack of basic facilities such as water supply, ventilation and toilet. These conditions are ideal for the expansion of bacteria and infectious diseases. Without an organized health system, bacteria can easily spread from person to person through water supply and sewerage.