Bystanders in Situations of Bullying: Motivations for Defending a Victim

Introduction / Background bullying can be experienced in various ways, such as body, language, society, network. Bullying consists of three specific concepts - it hurts the victim and brings greater power and repetition than the victim (Oh & Hazler, 2009). A bystander may play the most important role in bullying (Oh & Hazler, 2009). Side viewers can help bullying ("assist" or "strengthen"), passive and can remain uninterrupted ("outsiders"). Their motivation to act is beneficial to others (Oh & Hazler, 2009; Thornberg, 2007).

An important finding is the conceptual framework of bystanders' motivation for bystander intervention, which is based on the determination of whether to support victims in the bullying situation, the social background, It depends on whether it is defined and evaluated. Qualitative analysis reveals five themes on bystanders' motives including interpretation of injuries in bullying situations, emotional reactions, social evaluation, moral evaluation, and intervention self-efficacy

Qualitative analysis of the interview data produced a conceptual framework for bystanders to intervene in bullying. According to this framework, judgment as to whether to help bully the victim depends on the viewer's definition of the situation, social background, and my organization (Figure 1). There are many motivations that may affect student intervention or non-intervention on bullying. (A) explanation of harm of bullying, (b) emotional reaction, (c) social evaluation, (d) moral evaluation, and (e) intervention self-efficacy

Based on a systematic analysis of the child's self-report and bird's bullying viewpoint of the bystanders, this research contributes to the bullying literature by providing a conceptual framework of bystander motivation for bystander intervention doing. The conclusion that which element is the most important in the framework is not yet mature, but the findings provide guidelines to conceptualize the potential influence factors of bystanders. As shown in Figure 1, future research needs to confirm the effectiveness of the framework. An important part of the framework is the observer's interpretation of the damage in the situation of bullying. If there is no obvious harm, it is possible that there is no incentive to help the victim.