Buddhist Monasteries: The Borobudur in Java, Indonesia

This art paper focuses on monasteries, especially Buddhist monasteries. The monastery is beautiful, often a very complex building, including family dormitories and monastery workplaces. Monasteries usually have places to pray, such as churches, churches and temples. More specifically, I will focus on one temple rather than a monastery, but I will consider two: Borobudur. Borobudur is located in Java, Indonesia.

Located in Central Java, Indonesia, Borobudur is the world's largest Buddhist temple. It was built in the Sailendra dynasty for more than the second half century when the Mahayana Buddhism was introduced in the Sumatra Kingdom of Srivijaya in the first half of the eighth century. Many Buddhist statues and Borobudur relief are cited by Gandavyuha and Vajrayana / Esoteric Buddhism from Sri Lanka and East India. India and Sri Lanka do not have a staircase pyramid shape with no internal space in Borobudur. Before Borobudur there was no tower shaped like Southeast Asia. A monument of a similar shape could only be found in places like South Sumatra. This type of monument began with the religion of the megalithic culture mountain before the introduction of Buddhism and followed the historical era. Borobudur can be seen as a monument of this origin and is decorated with a Buddhist style.

Between 8th and 9th centuries, Buddhist art of silendra developed and thrived in the Medan Mataram kingdom of central Java in Indonesia. Many beautiful monuments such as Kalasan, Manjusrigrha, Mendut and Borobudur Stone Mandala were built, so Java's Buddhist art revived at this time. The tradition of eastern Java's Singhasari Buddhist art in the 13th century will continue. From the 9th century to the 13th century, Southeast Asia had a very strong empire and became very active in Buddhist architecture and artistic creation. The southern Srivega empire and the northern Khmer empire competed, but both were believers of the Mahayana Buddhism, and their art expressed Bodhisattva 's rich Mahayana Pantheon. Classical Serapada Buddhism in Paris was introduced from Sri Lanka around the 13th century and was adopted by the newly established Thailand desert kingdom.

There are very rich and exquisite architectural relics in Java and Sumatra. The most spectacular is the Borobudur temple built by Sailendras (the world's largest Buddhist building built around the AD 780 - 850). This temple is a model of the concept of Buddhism, and the Mandala counts 505 Buddha statues including a Buddha statue and a peculiar Bell-shaped pagoda. Borobudur is decorated with long shallow relief series depicting the sacred Buddhist scriptures. The oldest Buddhist building in Indonesia is the Batujaya pagoda in Karawang of West Java and dates back to the 4th century. This temple is a stucco brick making brick. However, Indonesian Buddhist art came to the golden era during the reign of the Sarandra Dynasty.