Bioremediation

Introduction Oil spill of petroleum hydrocarbons is threatening marine organisms around the world. Animals are coated with oil and ingest pollutants while attempting to clean themselves. The toxic effects of oil often result in the death of most of the surrounding life. Bioremediation provides an effective solution for purifying oil spills. Pollutants are biodegraded by complete mineralization of organic pollutants and convert toxic waste into harmless products such as carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, cellular proteins (Das & Chandran, 2010).

IV. Bioremediation of pollutants is an effective, simple and practical way to eliminate Earth pollution. Bioremediation refers to the use of organisms to reduce pollution and remove environmental pollutants. Bioremediation of organic toxic contaminants is mainly based on microorganisms and is therefore called "microbial bioremediation". On the other hand, bioremediation of inorganic pollutants is performed by specific plant species, so it is called "phytoremediation" (ie bioremediation using plants).

Conversion of environmental pollutants to innocuous forms by the innate abilities of naturally occurring microbial populations is known as unique bioremediation. However, there is an increasing interest in inherent bioremediation to control all or part of the contamination of waste sites. The inherent inherent ability of microorganisms should be tested at the laboratory and field level to metabolize pollutants prior to use in their own bioremediation. Through the onsite monitoring program, the progress of unique bioremediation should be recorded from time to time. Site conditions that promote unique bioremediation are groundwater flow throughout the year and carbonate minerals allevate acidity and microbial growth during biodegradation supply of nutrients without electron acceptor and toxic compounds . Bioremediation of toxic waste mixtures containing metals such as Hg, Pb, As, cyanide can cause problems (Madsen, 1999l)