Biological treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater from the antibiotics industry.

National University of Singapore Water Environment Research Center Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 1 Engineering PhD 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore E-mail: ceelop@nus.edu.sg

Taiwan Kaohsiung City Kaohsiung City Road 415 Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences Department of Chemical Engineering

Pharmaceutical wastewater produced by antibiotic (penicillin) company is processed by aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR). With a low organic loading factor of 0.22 kg-COD m (-3) d (-1), both types of reactors treat wastewater so that treated wastewater meets emissions regulations except for total dissolved solids can do. However, if the load factor increases to 92 kg COD m (-3) d (-1), performance will become unstable due to foaming problems. Overall, the MBR achieved better solids removal, but the SBR performed better in the decomposition of aromatics as determined by UV absorbance (UVA). Finally, ozone treatment is applied to two different flows, which is promising at high currents - this corresponds to the effluent of the formulation and contains most of the biodegradable compounds. Ozone treatment succeeded in reducing UVA, lowering pH and increasing biochemical oxygen demand. It is the ratio of the chemical oxygen demand (BOD 5: COD) of strong current. However, wastewater pretreated with biofilters is not efficient due to the lack of selectivity for refractory compounds.

It is widely used for wastewater treatment by biochemical oxidative dissolution and secondary treatment of colloidal organic compounds and it is suitable for some agriculture and industrial wastewater. Biological oxidation will preferentially eliminate organic compounds that can be used as a food supply for therapeutic ecosystems. Concentrations of some non-digestible compounds may be reduced by co-metabolism. Removal efficiency is limited by the minimum food concentration required to maintain a therapeutic ecosystem

There are two sewage treatment plants, chemical or physical treatment plants, and biological wastewater treatment plants. Biological waste treatment plants use biomass and bacteria to decompose waste. Physical waste disposal plants process wastewater using chemical reactions and physical processes. Bioprocessing systems are ideal for processing wastewater from households and businesses. Physical wastewater treatment plants are mainly used to treat wastewater from industrial, industrial and manufacturing companies. This is because most of the wastewater from these industries contains chemicals and other toxins that are very harmful to the environment.

Sewage treatment is the process of removing pollutants from municipal sewage, mainly including domestic wastewater and some industrial wastewater. Physical, chemical and biological processes are used to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater (or treated wastewater) that is safe enough to be released into the environment. The byproduct of sewage treatment is semisolid waste or mud called sewage sludge. Sludge must be further processed before it is suitable for processing or application to land.