Binary Fission

Above: cell proliferation (elongation) and bifurcation of bacilli. Blue and red lines represent new and newly generated bacterial cell walls, respectively. 1: Proliferation in the center of bacterial cells (as in Bacillus subtilis or E. coli). 2: Tip growth (as in Corynebacterium diphtheriae)

Bifurcation is the asexual reproduction of cells by dividing them into roughly equal two parts without mitosis or meiosis. Several organelles of eukaryotic cells such as mitochondria autonomously replicate by this method, but this method of cell proliferation only occurs in prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea).

As expected, the volume of the two daughter cells produced was initially half the volume of the pre-division mother cell. However, each daughter cell contains a complete copy of the parental chromosome. This form of reproduction is asexual, but it differs from nutritive reproduction, which occurs only in eukaryotes and is a process that depends on cell mitotic reproduction.

As described on this page, cell division (upper) can only be a problem of simple division in prokaryotes. Alternatively, it can occur through any of the two more complex processes of eukaryotic features, meiosis and mitosis.

Before division occurs, the cells must replicate round chromosomes. Once the copy bubble is opened with chromosomal DNA, the process begins. Eukaryotes do not have multiple origins of replication, prokaryotes usually have a single origin of replication. As the bubble grows larger, the separated chromosomal chain becomes longer and longer. DNA polymerase converts these single-stranded DNAs into double strands and eventually produces two cyclic chromosomes. After that, each chromosome adheres to the cell membrane. When the cell stretches during division, the two chromosomes separate and one enters each of the two daughter cells.

Cell walls and cell membranes grow inside and form walls that pass through the center of cells ("separating membranes"), the cells physically divide into two compartments. Diaphragmatic ring protein accumulating around the equatorial equator controls this process

The term bipartition is often used erroneously to refer to the division of unicellular eukaryotes, but strictly speaking this term should apply only to prokaryotes.

Bisection is the process by which asexual reproduction occurs in bacteria. During bifurcation, one creature becomes two separate creatures. Bisection is also used to describe repeating organelles in eukaryotes and is sometimes used to describe the reproduction of invertebrates vegetatively propagating by germination. Those cells undergo mitosis, but this process is called two divisions because it produces one to two organisms. With similar multiple division, organisms are divided into two or more

Bivariart is the main method of breeding prokaryotes. In protists, bisections are usually classified according to the axis of cell separation, such as lateral and longitudinal. In certain creatures such as aphids and anal anastomotic polyps, normal lateral division is called strobolation. Typically, this results in a series of split products called stellovirus, aphid arthropods, and lepidopteran jellyfish spines, each precursor or flashing mature in tandem and from the end of the strobilus Are separated. Several metazoan (multicellular) species frequently divide into several units at the same time. This is a process called fragmentation. The division and division of worms usually represents direct breeding, where each part plays a lost part and becomes a complete new animal.

The speed between species is different, but bipartition is usually very fast. In the case of Escherichia coli, cells usually divide at 37 ° C every 20 minutes. As new cells undergo secondary division in turn, the time required for bisection is also the time to double the number of cells required for bacterial culture. Therefore, this period can be called doubling time. Some species other than E. coli may have faster or slower doubling times: some M. coli. The tuberculosis strain may have a doubling time of approximately 100 hours. Since the growth of bacteria is limited by factors such as the availability of nutrients and available space, the two divisions of bacterial culture occur at a much slower rate when entering the stationary phase of proliferation.