Bertrand Russell on the Justification of Induction

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A philosophical question from Wikipedia, a free book that summarizes the issues published by philosopher Bertrand and Russell's language publisher New York, h holt and company, London, Williams, Norgate in 1912. Question (This Stanford Philosophy Encyclopedia, Internet Philosophy Encyclopedia, Discussion on this video information from the Cambridge Dictionary, there is no doubt that philosophers discussed the "induction problem" in detail, but this problem is widely believed. What is the difference, is not a solution to the problem, there will be a difference, I

Classical explanation (Hume) is a "custom or habit" of persuasion. This leads to perfect allegations. Bertrand Russell discusses the inductive problem of "philosophical problems" in chapter 6 of 1912 and Hume's "history of western philosophy" in chapter 17 of 1946. Carl Popper gave satisfactory things, and the theory which has not been discussed so far proves that our expectations repeat past events. He did this in other places in Chapter 1, "Objective Knowledge" of 1972. The concept of normal values ​​and their ranges is described in Schwartz et al. , 1973 has been challenged. It is wrong to assume that the normal range is average. Two standard deviations, values ​​outside this range are important exceptions. In other words, it will lead to a decision. When it is expected that the abnormality will change, the probability that a specific value is an important abnormality, that is,

John Maynard Keynes emphasized Hume's induction and proposed a logical probability as an answer - but later I thought it was not perfect. Bertrand Russell, in October 1925 realized that the thesis on probability theory of Keynes was the best test of induction, in October 1925 read Jean Nicod's Le Probleme Logitech drind and RB Braithwaite comments If you know known knowledge. "In terms of induction," the subject is technologically difficult and contains a lot of mathematics. "Twenty years later Russell proposed to enumerate it as" independent logical principle ".