Basic Telescope Physical and Optical Characteristics

Here you can find information on the optical properties of various types of telescopes and some basic physical information behind them. This includes information on performance degradation of the optical system of the telescope (eg vignetting and air turbulence) and some concepts of mirror design (parabolic shape and vertical correction of the primary mirror). I recommend beginning with the "light path" section so that you can familiarize yourself with some of the basic types and concepts of some widely used telescope designs before reading the rest.

The first telescope developed and the most widely used telescope are optical telescopes that collect visible light. There are three basic types of optical telescopes: refractors that use lenses, mirrors that use mirrors, and refractors that use combinations of lenses and mirrors. The refractive telescope has a closed tube. There is an objective lens at one end of the tube, and it usually consists of two or more lenses for emitting light from the observation target. Light is refracted by the lens at the focal point at the lower end of the tube where the eyepiece is located

Telescopes have both optical and non-optical types. The optical telescope is designed to focus visible light. Non-optical telescopes are designed to detect various electromagnetic radiation that is invisible to the human eye. These include radio waves, infrared rays, X-rays, ultraviolet rays and gamma rays. The term "optical" means "use of light". Various types of optical telescopes converge and converge in various ways. Please use lens for refractive telescope and refractor. Reflecting telescopes and mirrors use mirrors. A catadioptric or catadioptric mirror uses a combination of lens and mirror. The main lens or mirror of the optical telescope is called the objective lens

Since radio waves are the wavelength of light, the radio telescope is manufactured in a different way from the telescope for visible light. In order to generate images of comparable resolution the physical size of the radio telescope must be larger than that of the optical telescope. However, long radio waves are too large to "see", so there are millions of holes through the plate, so you can make the radio waves lighter. The Parks radio telescope has a dish with a width of 64 meters and can not create images clearer than optical telescopes in a small backyard.

In 1987, Schweizer et al. I am trying to solve this problem. They used two telescopes. A 305 radio telescope of the Arecibo Observatory to look for a Palmar Observatory 5 meter telescope for optical and spectroscopy and an H line with a height of 21 cm. Their observations have confirmed that the ring and core have the same radial velocity and distance. This means they are related to one another. In addition, they found that both structures are rotating in the same direction.