Balsam Woolly Adelgid aka Adelges Piceae

Today 's forest is constantly undergoing physical pressure. In North America, whether the Great Lakes are dependent on acid rain, whether covered with tens of thousands of forests spreading to the west due to catastrophic fires or annual gypsy moth leaves. A mountainous area in the northern central part of Pennsylvania. These dangers are there, they are just a few potential destroyers of the woodland.

Adelges piceae is a pest infecting and killing the forest of Abies fraseri in the fir region of the spruce family. This firma naturally occurred only in southern Appalachia, once it was the highest altitude of mainland. The Alps were introduced into trees imported from Europe, and Fir has little natural defense against it. By injecting toxins in trees, adelgid blocks the passage of nutrients through the trees. The trees are really hungry, and thousands of obstacles to death remain in the highest peaks.

In particular, North America is affected by invasive insects from Europe. For example, it is said that Balm is hairy. Piceae (see Figure 1 below) and A. tsugae are threatening North American forest ecosystems by killing Fraser cedar and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis). Large scale (Small et al. 2005). Another example, as shown in Figure 2 below, has a serious effect on Hemlock and oak forests in North America, in the gypsies, Lymantria dispar (bottom in Figure 3), and Hemlocks (Adelges tsugae) ( Orwig and Foster, 1998). Another example of an agronomically threatening invading insect is the large insect Orthezia insignis, which brings a serious threat to the beetle Xylosandrus compactus, which attacks the inherent hardwoods (Fowler, 2004) and some of Hawaii's vegetation I will.

I am sick. Laurel Fork recorded several disease threats in the VNFS habitat. The thick Tuga (Adelges tsugae) caused serious death and decline in the east Tsuga forest everywhere in the forest (USFS 2011). East Tuga has been identified as a constituent of the Laurel folk spruce / northern hardwood tree system (Fleming and Moorhead 1996), but in Laurel Fork area it is not a major over type known to exist VNFS population . Because the role of Tsuga in the survival of squirrel is limited, it is expected that snowflake wool will pose a serious threat to the quality of VNFS habitat because major mountain conifers are still present (USFWS 2006 and 2008) Is not ... Beech bark diseases are caused by the attack of beech scale insects Cryptococcus fagisuga; subsequent fungal infections can cause severe decline or death of mature trees (Cammermeyer 1993). Evidence of beech bark