Baker v. Carr

The US Supreme Court action Baker v. Carr (1962) forced the Tennessee State Assembly to redistribute according to the population. Traditionally, especially in the south, the proportion of the rural population in Congress is too high, comparable to the ratio between urban and suburban areas. Prior to the Baker case, the Supreme Court refused to intervene in the distribution case, and in 1946 Colegrove v. In the case of Green, the distribution was "political jungle" and said that the judiciary should not interfere. However, in the case of the Baker case, the court judged that each vote should have the same weight regardless of the voter's residence. Therefore, the Tennessee State Assembly violated the equal protection right (qv) guaranteed by the Constitution. As the most important incident decided after he was appointed to the court in 1953, the presiding judge Earl Warren explained the decision.

With reference to the Baker event as a precedent, the court pointed out that in the Reynolds versus Sims case (1964), both houses of the bicameral parliament must be allocated according to the population. According to Baker and Reynolds' decision, it also submitted to other lower courts for reconsideration in many other incidents. As a result, almost all the state legislatures were redistributed, eventually leading to the political power of most state legislatures moving from rural to urban areas.

How to explain this 180 degree conversion? The answer is Baker v. Carl and the "redistribution revolution" which took place in Warren Court in the 1960s. Baker vs. Carl's case completely redefined the principle of "political issue", we strongly weakened its field, noting that it does not apply to the claim of the 14 th revision concerning the state legislative inequality in particular. Baker v. Carr soon Reynolds v. It caused the principle of Sims and his "one person vote", but Warren Court claimed the Virginia national tax.

Baker V. Carr deals with administrative law. This legal field is related to how the federal government treats citizens, the government develops its plans, establishes institutions, and enacts laws. In Baker v. Carl's case Charles Baker played against Joe Carr appointed as representative of Tennessee. In the case of Baker V. Carr, Baker said that the law on the establishment of this region of the Tennessee Constitution violates Article 14 of the amendment to the US Constitution.

Baker v. Carr and subsequent lawsuit fundamentally changed the essence of American political representation, usually several times, not only requiring Tennessee State but also almost all states need to reclassify in the 1960s. This redistribution increased the political power of urban areas with the increase of population and reduced the influence of more rural areas. After he left the court, Prime Minister Ehan Warren 's judge chose Baker - Carl as the most important litigation during his term as Chief Justice.