Aswan High Dam completed

After eleven years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in the Egyptian Nile was completed on 21st July 1970. A long 1 billion dumb dam at the top, two miles or more, ends the flooding and drought cycle of the Nile region. And it uses a huge source of renewable energy, but it has a controversial environmental impact

In 1902, a dam was built in Aswan 500 miles south of Cairo. The first Aswan dam provided precious irrigation during the drought, but it did not stop the mighty Nile's annual flood. In the 1950s Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser envisaged building a new dam on the Nile. One of them was enough to end the flood and deliver electricity to every corner of Egypt. He gained financial support from the United States and the UK, but in July 1956 both countries canceled the proposal after learning about the Secret Weapons Agreement with the Soviet Union. In response, Nasser will nationalize the Suez Canal owned by Britain and France and intend to use a toll to pay for his high dam project. This action contributed to the Suez Canal Crisis, Israel, the United Kingdom and France attacked Egypt in a joint military strategy. The Suez Canal was occupied, but the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Nations forced the withdrawal of troops in Israel, the UK and France Suez Canal stayed in Egypt in 1957.

Due to Soviet loans and income from the Soviet Canal, Nasser tackled Aswan High Dam in 1960. About 57 million cubic yards of soil and rock are used to construct a dam. This is 16 times the mass of Giza's Great Pyramid. . On July 21, 1970, the ambitious project was completed. In September 1970, when the dam was officially used in 1971, President Nasser dies of heart disease.

A huge reservoir built by a dam 300 miles long and 10 m wide. He was named Lake Nasser. The establishment of Nasser Lake requires resettlement of 90,000 Egyptian farmers and nomads of Sultan Nubia, as well as expensive relocation of the temple of Abu Simbel, an ancient Egyptian temple built in the 13th century BC .

Aswan Highdam devastated the Nile River, resumed over 100,000 acres of desert land for cultivation and planted additional crops on an additional 800,000 acres of land. 12 Dam's huge Soviet turbines produced electricity of up to 10 billion kWh per year, greatly boosted the Egyptian economy and brought the lives of 20 century to many villages. During the dry season of Africa from 1984 to 1988, 1.3 trillion cubic feet of water stored in Lake Nasser was shared by Egypt and Sudan.

In spite of success, Aswan High Dam had some negative effects. The most expensive thing is that the birthrate of Nile Delta is gradually declining. It benefits from millions of tons of silt every year the flood of the Nile River deposits. Another unfavorable factor for humans is schistosomiasis transmitted by the snail of the irrigation system caused by the dam. Reduction of aquatic nutrients flowing into the Mediterranean is suspected to be the cause of the decrease in the number of anchor fish in the eastern Mediterranean. The end of the flood greatly reduced the number of fish in the Nile River. Many of them are migratory birds. However, Lake Nasser has abundant fish, and many species including salmon prospers there.

In countries where livelihood depends on the Nile, irrigation plays an important role. The most ambitious of all the irrigation projects is the Aswan High Dam Project completed in 1971. A report published by the National Production Economic Committee in March 1975 showed that the dam successfully controlled floods and ensured regular water supply but water consumption exceeded demand and controlled It should be done. As the flow of mud from the Nile stopped and salinity increase became a big problem, some precious lands were lost under the dam. In addition, the 5-year drought of the Ethiopian Plateau - the source of the Nile River lowered the water level of Lake Nasser of Aswan High Dam to the lowest water level in 1987

Aswan Dam, more specifically since the 1960's, the levee dam Aswan High Dam was built on the Nile of Aswan in Egypt between 1960 and 1970. Its importance greatly exceeds Aswan's low dam which was completed in the downstream in 1902. Since the Egyptian revolution in 1952, the construction of high dams has become a major goal of the government due to the success of low dams and maximum utilization thereafter; better management of floods, more reservoirs for irrigation, and hydropower Power generation dams are seen as the key to the planned industrialization of Egypt. As with the initial implementation, the high dams have had a major impact on Egypt's economy and culture.