Association between Long Term Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Heart Disease

Model exchange rate RR 5% 95% p value FEM 1.015241 1.000862 1.029827 P = 0.0377 REM 1.017549 0.993185 1.042511 P = 0.1595 It turned out that using the random effect model there was no significant effect at the 5% significance level (p = 0.1595) It was. Confidence intervals for summarizing relative risks include 1. This also means that there is no serious impact. This means that there is no evidence that long-term NO 2 exposure to coronary heart disease (CHD) or myocardial infarction (MI) increases by 10 μg / m ^ 3 and has a significant impact on the population.

Myocardial infarction (MI) refers to tissue death (infarction) of the myocardium (cardiac muscle). It is an acute coronary syndrome that represents a sudden or short-term change in symptoms associated with blood flow to the heart. Unlike other causes of acute coronary syndromes such as unstable angina, myocardial infarction occurs when there is cell death, as measured by blood test biomarkers (cardiac muscle protein troponin or myocardial enzyme CK - MB) . If there is evidence of MI, it can be classified as ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) according to the result of ECG.

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, with approximately 1.5 million myocardial infarctions and 520,000 deaths each year. Despite recent advances in resuscitation and cardiac life support technology, acute myocardial infarction is associated with a high mortality rate, and approximately 15% of patients hospitalized after acute myocardial infarction can not survive during hospitalization. (3) In addition, CAD is the cause of serious morbidity and disability that causes complications of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. In 1986, due to the decline in medical and cardiovascular disease productivity, the US lost nearly $ 80 billion. (2) Myocardial infarction and sudden death are often warned in people without history of angina or other clinical symptoms. The main risk factors for CAD are smoking, hypertension, elevation of serum cholesterol, and obesity.

Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure, are the leading causes of death in the United States, accounting for one in four deaths. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by atherosclerosis when cholesterol accumulation in the arterial wall limits oxygen-rich blood flow in the body. This can cause serious problems including heart attacks, stroke or death. - Affordable medical laws are unknown for our ability to alleviate pressure other than current insurers in healthcare systems. However, according to forecasts, the impact on the emergency room system nationwide is greatly reduced. This decrease will increase in the south and southwestern United States (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2013 p.4). But there are potential possibilities, people's wishes are not yet visible. Where to go in the future