Aquaporin-1

Background Most modern biology textbooks show that low molecular weight molecules such as CO 2, NH 3 (ammonia), urea, etc. pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion. However, some scientists think that certain pores will mediate this transport. To further infer this hypothesis, recent research has explored the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) in waterways and its enhancement of intracellular CO2 penetration. Why do scientists challenge traditional simple diffusion theory Two powerful evidences lead to this experiment: First, many cell membranes have very low permeability to small molecules: how many The outer membrane of the gastric gland hardly allows carbon dioxide to enter the cell.

Band 3 (anion transporter), aquaporin 1 (water transporter), Glut 1 (protein responsible for the transport of glucose and L-dehydroascorbic acid) and Kidd antigen protein (urea transporter) are major transporters in the membrane is there. Other proteins with adhesion activity in erythrocyte erythrocyte membranes include ICAM (which binds to integrins) and BCAM (which interacts with major proteins in the basal layer). The abnormality of erythrocytes is called anemia, and it consists of a wider range of different forms and kinds of diseases. Sometimes it is impossible to carry hemoglobin deficiency or oxygen, but all these variable defects of red blood cells make most organs hypoxic

The term "aquaporin-4" refers to a member of the aquaporin family. There are ten known members in the aquaporin family. Aquaporin-4 is expressed in the footprint membranes of astrocytes in contact with the capillaries of the central nervous system and in the basolateral membrane of the distal assembly trachea of ​​the kidney. Examples of nucleotide sequences encoding human aquaporin-4 polypeptides are given in GenBank accession numbers U63622 and U63623. The deduced amino acid sequence of a representative human aquaporin-4 polypeptide is shown in GenBank Accession Nos. AAG 17964, AAB 26957, AAB 26958 and I 39178. Nucleic acid and amino acid sequences encoding aquaporin-4 from other organisms (eg, Mus musculus, Bos Taurus, Rattus norvegicus, and Ovis aries) search the GenBank database (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov worldwide) It can be found by doing. Web) Use "aquaporin - 4" as the search term

Fragments of human aquaporin-4 nucleic acids and polypeptides are also provided. As used herein, fragment refers to a nucleic acid or polypeptide corresponding to less than the entire aquaporin-4 sequence. Such fragments may, for example, encode an aquaporin-4 antigenic polypeptide fragment or may have utility as a hybridization probe or amplification primer. FIG. 2 shows the relative position of various restriction enzyme sites, for example in the human aquaporin-4 nucleic acid sequence, which defines the position, which can be used in various combinations to produce useful nucleic acid fragments it can. In view of the nucleotide sequence of the human aquaporin-4 polypeptide, virtually any nucleic acid fragment is produced by known methods (eg restriction enzyme digestion, polymerase chain reaction) and expressed as desired to produce the corresponding polypeptide be able to. Fragment