Appendix: International & Hybrid Tribunal Snapshots

On March 15, 1933, the German armies invaded Czechoslovakia. Germany

Invaded and occupied other European countries including France. During the World War

II (1939-1945), Nazi Germany sponsored organized murder and other atrocities

2. Founding tools (treaties, arbitral tribunals created through resolution of the United Nations, what is the main point / framework of these documents?)

It is one. In October 1943, the Allied Forces established the United Nations War Criminal Investigation Committee. In the second half of the month, Britain, America and the Soviet Union released Moscow.

August 8, 1945, the representatives of the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union signed the "London Agreement".

C. The IMT Charter includes the following framework. Military court composition (Article 1-5)

1. Establish IMT consisting of 4 members, with 1 member and 1 member assigned to each member.

II. Jurisdiction and general principles (Articles 6 to 13): Definition of categories considered criminal acts

It is one. Crime against peace b. War crimes c. Crime against humanity Conspiracy to commit the above crime

2. The official position or fact of acting in accordance with the superior order does not preclude the defendant from criminal liability.

3. The IMT can declare that the organization is a criminal organization and that national authorities with the authority of any signatory have the right to draw individuals into individuals.

1. Each signatory appoints a chief prosecutor to investigate major war criminal allegations and prosecutions

IV. Fair trial by the accused (Article 16): v. Practice of court and implementation of trial (Articles 17 to 25)

Participating organizations (which states / international organizations are involved in establishing arbitral tribunals, including political alliances, destructive agents, etc.)

It is one. The Tribunal was established by the four signatory countries of the London Agreement in 1945.

III. United Kingdom of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland; and iv. The Soviet Socialist Republic Alliance

4. The role of the international community (architects, investors, seconded, carrots / sticks, etc.) a. The four main coalitions of the Union signed the 1945 "London Agreement"

I. Australia, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ethiopia, Greece, Haiti, Honduras, India, Luxembourg,

Each of the four main authorities of Bay appointed IMT members, each member appointed the Supreme Public Prosecutor, the prosecutor has a team of his own attorneys to act as a committee lawyer I will.

Source of funds and budget: a. The costs of IMT and Nuremberg exam are funded

C. The text of the agreement suggests that the signatory can now deposit into the German Control Committee's account at that time. The court is like this

I. Article 6 of the "IMT Charter" grants jurisdiction to the Nuremberg Tribunal: (a) Crime against Peace, (b) War Crimes, (c) Crimes against Humanity

Bay time and geographical jurisdiction Trial of war criminals without specific geographical location

Currently, several trials make use of the characteristics of international and domestic courts known as hybrid courts. These are more efficient and effective, trying to mitigate the restrictions of both types of courts while offering the advantages of both the international courts and national courts. These complex courts will be applied depending on the agreement and the dispute situation in the recipient country. As an example, there is a mixed model of Sierra Leone with both a local judge and an international judge. It aims to link local customs and national law with international law.

The Nuremberg Court and the Tokyo Court have made a great contribution to the development of the International Penal Code and were still in their infancy. These courts were the only examples of the International War Crimes Court for decades, but they finally became models for a new series of international criminal courts established since the 1990s. Furthermore, "crime against peace", "crime by war", and "crime against humanitarian" described in the "Nuremberg Charter" are the first use and definition of these terms in the adopted international document. These terms and definitions were adopted nearly verbatim in the IMTFE Charter, but they were later replicated and expanded in various international legal documents.