Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)

INTRODUCTION Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a genetic X-linked recessive genetic disease, affected males are primarily a sign of female sex or male and female sexual development. Individuals with this disease are hereditary men; they contain the X and Y chromosomes (Barbaro et al., 2007). Mutations in androgen receptor genes are responsible for individual androgen insensitive syndrome. This gene produces androgen receptor which is important for men. Without this receptor, androgens will not be offered to the body, which is the major hormone needed for men.

Genetic men with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) (with X chromosome and Y chromosome) are resistant to androgens. As a result, despite the genetic makeup of men, people have some or all of the physical characteristics of women. The degree of sexual bleeding of patients with incomplete AIS varies greatly. Incomplete AIS may include other diseases such as Reifenstein syndrome related to male breast development. "Gender transformation" is thought to occur when gender redistribution therapy is done. This is a series of medical procedures that transgender people experience to change sexual characteristics between men and women or women. This term also sometimes refers specifically to gender redistribution surgery, which generally refers only to genital surgery. This term is also used as a medical procedure experienced by intersex people, or more generally as a child.

How can a person have a feminine personality despite the existence of the Y chromosome? In seven of these cases, the cause was the androgen insensitive syndrome (AIS), a state unresponsive to androgen hormone testosterone; in some cases the problem was the lack of an enzyme that activates testosterone. The lack of response to fetal growth testosterone under these conditions usually results in external genitalia, which is mainly female. Therefore, these women may have the same testosterone level as men, but this testosterone does not improve performance and competitors are considered to be able to participate in the competition.

A complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is caused by a defect in the androgen receptor. Patients with this syndrome have 46, XY karyotype and produce testosterone derived testosterone, but testosterone does not activate cell transcription; therefore, the patient has female external genitalia. In most cases, the disease is X-linked. Testes located on the inside and occasionally located in the labia or groin also produce Mullerian inhibitory hormone so that all structures derived from the Mullerian ducts (ie the uterine tube, the uterus, the upper third of the vagina) do not do.