Andragogy Reflection: Malcom Knowles

Introduction of Andragogy's Personal Discussion Malcolm Knowles introduced terminology in the field of educational research in 1968 and summarized six basic assumptions on adult learners (Merriam, Caffarella and Baumgartner, 2007, p. 84 ). It is now clear that adult learners have different needs and motivations, but they have not been depicted or identified before. The term "non-traditional student" has been in use for a long time to represent adults who have returned to educational environment for many years after graduating from high school or years later.

Andragogy, also known as adult learning theory, was proposed by Malcom Shepard Knowles in 1968. Previously, the concept of education, the child's education, attracted a lot of research and attention. Knowles recognizes that there are many differences between adult learning style and child style. He tried to exploit the unique learning style and the advantages of adult learners around the idea of ​​andrandogy. In the following years Knowles will understand that certain points in his theory do not apply to all adults. In addition, some of his texts on education also apply to children. He began to see learning between teacher guidance and student orientation. In subsequent studies he emphasized the way to assess each situation based on individual circumstances and determine how useful self-instruction for the students will be.

Malcolm Knowles, Informal Adult Education, Independent Production and Academic. Malcolm S. Knowles is a highly influential person in adult education and a supporter of academic independent learning and informal adult education. Here, I review his life and achievements and evaluate his contribution. Malcolm Shepherd Knowles (1913-1997) was a key figure in American adult education in the second half of the 20th century. In the 1950s he served as secretary general of the American Adult Education Society. He wrote the first major report on the history of informal adult education and adult education in the United States. In addition, Malcolm Knowles tried to develop its own conceptual foundation for adult education and learning through the concept of andrandogy, which has been widely discussed and used. He also writes popular works on independent production and team work (with his wife Fulda)