Ancient Mesopotamia Political Structure

The Sumerians established the first human civilization; they were located in southern Mesopotamia. , Science, mathematics and law

In these rivers, the Sumerians built the first city and irrigation canals. And they were divided by the large open deserts or wetlands the nomadic tribes were walking around. Communication between isolated cities is difficult and sometimes dangerous. All Sumerian cities become independent city cities from other cities and protect their independence.

The state of Sumer seems to be governed by the pastor's king. Their mission is to lead the army, manage trade, judge conflicts, and participate in the most important religious ceremonies.

Sometimes cities try to conquer and unify the area, but such efforts have been resisted and failed for centuries. Therefore, Sumer 's political history is almost a constant war. After all, Sumer was united by Eannatum, but the bond was fragile and could not continue because Akkadians conquered Sumer in a single generation in 2331 BC.

Mesopotamia's social system is permeable and individuals play a variety of roles Over time, political fate has changed, reducing risks, cooperation and competition. The interaction of autonomous cities in the cultural field of Mesopotamia has earned a preliminary basis in several studies.

Evidence suggests that they will use the form of Congress or Congress to make important political decisions by consensus; and they will consider the ownership of the house, the divorce and inheritance settlement, the matter of slavery and so on We will ask the court to make a legal decision on the matter. This legal and political system, at least at a later date, included the periodically issued "code" - in fact the earliest "rights bill" - which formed the prototype of later Greek and Roman systems . They also understand economics to a certain extent, which is reflected in the evidence of price agreements.

Despite their military strength, the hegemony of Akkad in South Mesopotamia lasted only 200 years. After that, the grandson of Sargon was knocked down by the people of Guti from the east mountain. The collapse of Akkad and the reappearance of Sumer by the defeat of King Ur Ur of Guti led the third stage of Sumer's history. In the final stage, it is characterized by the synthesis of Sumerian culture and Akkadian culture, and the king of Ur has established hegemony in the majority of Mesopotamia.

The political structure of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia is different. In ancient Egypt, pharaohs were thought to be representatives of the gods on the earth. Ancient Egyptian citizens believed that their pharaohs were gods and did not see his face directly even when he solved it (Richards & Van Buren, 2000). Most of the aristocrats appointed an important position in ancient Egypt were related to Pharaoh. After his death, only one son of Pharaoh could take over. In ancient Mesopotamia, society consisted of autonomous regions over 10 centuries before Sargon the Great was declared as King in 2370 BC (Brisch et al., 2008). But the citizens of Mesopotamia do not consider the king and his heirs holy. In Mesopotamia, most of the scribes are members of the aristocratic family and are irrelevant to the rule of the king.

Mesophatamia's civilization is located between Euphrates and Tigris in ancient times and consists of two different regions, northern Mesopotamia and south Mesopotamia. The political hierarchy of Mesopotamia is based on monarchy and consists of three classes, including hatred, free citizen, slave. The political hierarchy and structure are complex, but for more information, please refer to the following information.